?????????, ??? ????? ???????? ???
???? ?????
????
???? ????
?????
????? ??
???????
??? ???? ????, ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? 72.5 ???? (237.86 ???) ??? ???? 14.3 ???? ??, ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? 2.75 ???? (9.02 ???) ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? '?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? 379 ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??, ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? 1193 ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???
??????
[
????
]
????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????, ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? 20 ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????
??????????
???? ????,
?? ?????
??? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???, ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????
?????????? ???
, ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? 1193 ???? ????? ?????, ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????
?????????
?? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????, ??? ??? 1368 ????
????????? ?????
?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????, ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??, ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????, ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???
[3]
?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????-??-????? ???? ???? ????? ???, ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????
??? ????
[
????
]
???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???, ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??, ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??, ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??????, ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? (1351?88) ??? ?????? ???? ?? (1489?1517) ?????? ???? ??.???? ?? ???? ????? 1829 ???? ?????? ???
?????? ????
[
????
]
??? ??????? ’? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??, ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???
[4]
???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????
?????
[
????
]
- ↑
Qutub Minar
Govt. of?ndia website.
- ↑
Epigraphia?ndo Moslemica, 1911?12, p. 13.
- ↑
Patel, A (2004). "Toward Alternative Receptions of Ghurid Architecture in North?ndia (Late Twelfth-Early Thirtheenth Century CE)".
Archives of Asian Art
.
54
: 59.
- ↑
??????.
"????? ?? ???? ????? ?????"
.
?????? ????????
.