??????????

?????????? ( /K ? n d ?r ? ? ?ːr T ?n /, US : / - d ?n / ( link=|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

?????? [ ???? ]

1779 ???, ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ^[2] ???? ??? ????, 1780 ????, ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ^[3] 1802 ????, ????????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????-???? ????? ????? ????? ^[4]

1816 ????, ????? ???? , ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? , ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ????, ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ^[5]^[6]^[7] ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ^[8]

?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? 1819 ???? ???????, ^[9] ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? '?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????, ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? 1823 ???, ????????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? 1 ??? 7 ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????, ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??, ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??????

????? [ ???? ]

???????? ????? (1782?1852) ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????, ??????????-?????????, ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ???, 1837 ???? ??? " ??? ??? ??????? " ????? ??????? ???? 28 ???, 1840 ???, ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????????? Kindergarten ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ' ?????? ?? ????? ' ^[10] ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? "??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????" ???? ?????? ??? ^[11]

????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????????, ????????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ????-?????? ????? 1856 ???? ???? ?? ??? ^[12]

1860 ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????????-????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? 1870 ???? ????? ???? ?? ???

????? [ ???? ]

↑ The term was coined in the metaphorical sense of "place where children can grow in a natural way", not in the literal sense of having a "garden".
↑ Samuel Lorenzo Knapp (1843), Female biography; containing notices of distinguished women, in different nations and ages . Philadelphia: Thomas Wardle. p. 230.
↑ Manfred Berger, "Kurze Chronik der ehemaligen und gegenwartigen Ausbildungsstatten fur Kleinkindlehrerinnen, Kindergartnerinnen, Hortnerinnen ... und ErzieherInnen in Bayern" Archived September 4, 2013, at the Wayback Machine . in "Das Kita-Handbuch", ed. Martin R. Textor
↑ "Learning is fun at Kinder School" . Preschool and Kindergarten (in ???????? (??????)). February 7, 2017. Archived from the original on ?????? 18, 2017 . Retrieved April 18, 2017 . {{ cite news }}: Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help ) ; Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored ( |url-status= suggested) ( help )
↑ Vag, Otto (March 1975). "The Influence of the English Infant School in Hungary" . International Journal of Early Childhood . 7 (1). Springer: 132?136. doi : 10.1007/bf03175934 . ^{[
permanent dead link
]}
↑ "New Lanark Kids" . Archived from the original on 2010-08-15 . Retrieved 2019-10-12 . {{ cite web }}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored ( |url-status= suggested) ( help )
↑ "infed.org - Education in Robert Owen's new society: the New Lanark institute and schools" . infed.org .
↑ "Socialist - Courier: Robert Owen and New Lanark" . Socialist-courier.blogspot.co.uk . Retrieved November 27, 2013 .
↑ Wilderspin, Samuel (1823). The Importance of Educating the Infant Poor . London.
↑ Puckett, Margaret B.; Diffily, Deborah (2004). Teaching Young Children: An Introduction to the Early Childhood Profession (2nd ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Learning. pp. 45 ?46.
↑ Kinder bilden Sprache - Sprache bildet Kinder , p. 24 (in German)
↑ Watertown Historical Society

[1] The term was coined in the metaphorical sense of "place where children can grow in a natural way", not in the literal sense of having a "garden".

[2] Samuel Lorenzo Knapp (1843), Female biography; containing notices of distinguished women, in different nations and ages . Philadelphia: Thomas Wardle. p. 230.

[3] Manfred Berger, "Kurze Chronik der ehemaligen und gegenwartigen Ausbildungsstatten fur Kleinkindlehrerinnen, Kindergartnerinnen, Hortnerinnen ... und ErzieherInnen in Bayern" Archived September 4, 2013, at the Wayback Machine . in "Das Kita-Handbuch", ed. Martin R. Textor

[4] "Learning is fun at Kinder School" . Preschool and Kindergarten (in ???????? (??????)). February 7, 2017. Archived from the original on ?????? 18, 2017 . Retrieved April 18, 2017 . {{ cite news }}: Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help ) ; Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored ( |url-status= suggested) ( help )

[vag75-5] Vag, Otto (March 1975). "The Influence of the English Infant School in Hungary" . International Journal of Early Childhood . 7 (1). Springer: 132?136. doi : 10.1007/bf03175934 . ^{[
permanent dead link
]}

[6] "New Lanark Kids" . Archived from the original on 2010-08-15 . Retrieved 2019-10-12 . {{ cite web }}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored ( |url-status= suggested) ( help )

[infed-7] "infed.org - Education in Robert Owen's new society: the New Lanark institute and schools" . infed.org .

[8] "Socialist - Courier: Robert Owen and New Lanark" . Socialist-courier.blogspot.co.uk . Retrieved November 27, 2013 .

[9] Wilderspin, Samuel (1823). The Importance of Educating the Infant Poor . London.

[10] Puckett, Margaret B.; Diffily, Deborah (2004). Teaching Young Children: An Introduction to the Early Childhood Profession (2nd ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Learning. pp. 45 ?46.

[11] Kinder bilden Sprache - Sprache bildet Kinder , p. 24 (in German)

[12] Watertown Historical Society

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