??? ????

??????? ??? ???? ???????

??? ????

?????? ???? , ?????? ????
??????? ??? ???? ??????? ; ??? ???? ; ?????? ???? , ?????? ????
	???? 2000 ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? '??
???	15 ????? 1915 ; ?????, ?????? , ????? , ????
???	20 ????? 1993 (??? 77) ; ?????, ??????, ?????, ????
????????	???????? ???? ; ????
????/ ??????	???????? ????? ??? ; ????? ???
???? ?? ???	1941?1969
????	??????? ; ???? ???????
???? ????	22356 (enlisted) ; JC-6415 (?????? ??????? ???????)
?????	????? ??????? ( 1 ???? )
??????/?????	???? ????? ??? ; ????-???????? ??? (1947-1948)
????	?????? ???? ; ?????? ????

??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? , ?????? ???? (15 ????? 1915) ? 20 ????? 1993), ??? ????? ??????, ?????? ???? , ^[3] ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? 1941 ???? ??? ???? ????? ???, ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???, 1944 ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? 1947 ?? ????-????????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??, ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?? 1947 ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??, ??? ????? 1969 ???? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????

???? ?? ???? [ ???? ]

??? ???? ?? ??? 15 ????? 1915 ??? ???? ?????, ?????? ??????? , ????? , ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????, ???? ????, ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??, ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ^[4] ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????, 1941 ????, ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ^[5]

???? ????? [ ???? ]

15 ????? 1941 ??? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??, ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ^[6] ??? ????, ????-???? ?????? ?? ??? ????, ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ^[4] ?? 1947 ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ^[3]

1947 ?? ??? [ ???? ]

1947 ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????, ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ^[7] ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????, ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???, ?????? ???? ?? ?????? '?? ????? ?? ???? ^[8] ?? ????, ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ' ?? ??? ????, ???? ?? ?????? ??? '?? ????????? ????? ??? ^[9]

23 ?? 1948 ???, ????? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? '?? ????? ?? ???, ?? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????, ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??????, ??? ???? '?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???, ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ^[10]

????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???, ????????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????, 13 ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ^[10] ?????? ??? ???? 13 ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????, ???? ???? ^{[lower-alpha 1]} ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ^[10]

????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??, ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???, ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????, ?? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???, ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ????, ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???-??? ?? ????? ?????? ???, ????? ??? ???? ???? '?? ??? ??? ????? ????? '?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????, ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ^[10]

?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????, ?? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ????? '?? ??? ???; ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????, ??? ??? ??????????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????, ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????, ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ^[10]

?????? ???? [ ???? ]

21 ??? 1950 ???, ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????:

23 ?? 1948 ??? ????-?????? ?? ?????? '?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????, ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? '?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? 13 ?????? 1948 ???, ??-??-??? ?? ???, ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????, ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??, ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ? ??? ?????? ???, ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???, ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????, ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????, ???? ???? ??? ????, ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??, ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???, ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????, ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??, ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? Hardship ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???
? Gazette Notification: 2 Pres/50, 21.6.50, ^[11]

10 ????? 1957 ???, ??? ??? ?????? (???????), ???? ??? JC-6415 ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????? (???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???????) ?? ?????? ??????? ???? (JCO) ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ^[2] ?? 1 ???? 1964 ??? ??????? ?? ???, ^[12] ??? ???? ???? ???????-???? ???? ????? ????? ??? 26 ????? 1969 ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? '?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ^[13] ???? ????? 1969 ???? ???????? ???? ^[5] ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? '?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????, ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???

???? ?? ??????? [ ???? ]

???? 20 ????? 1993 ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ^[3]

??? ????? [ ???? ]

1980 ?? ????? ????, ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????, ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????, ?? ?????? ????????????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????, ?????? 30 ????? 1984 ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??, ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? 25 ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ^[14] ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ^[5]

???? [ ???? ]

??????

↑ Lance naik is equivalent to lance corporal .

????? [ ???? ]

↑ Cardozo 2003 , p. 45.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)" (PDF) . The Gazette of India. 19 October 1957. p. 263.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 "Family of second Param Vir Chakra recipient to auction medal" . The Hindu . Retrieved 17 April 2017 .
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Cardozo 2003 .
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 "Death anniversary of Hony Capt Karam Singh today" . The Tribune India . Retrieved 17 April 2017 .
↑ The London Gazette . 16 May 1944. Supplement: 36518. p. 2271
↑ Shapiro, Jacob N.; Fair, C. Christine. "Understanding Support for Islamist Militancy in Pakistan" (PDF) . Princeton Education . Princeton University. p. 79. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 September 2014 . Retrieved 11 October 2017 .
↑ Mikaberidze 2011 .
↑ Srivastava, Mihir (31 July 2014). "In the Line of Fire" . Open Magazine . Open Media Network Pvt. Ltd . Retrieved 11 October 2017 .
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 ^10.3 ^10.4 Chakravorty 1995 .
↑ Cardozo 2003 , pp. 45?46.
↑ "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)" (PDF) . The Gazette of India. 31 October 1964. p. 444.
↑ "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence - Extraordinary Gazette of India". The Gazette of India. 26 January 1969. p. 2.
↑ Raj 2009 .

????? ????? [ ???? ]

Chakravorty, B.C. (1995), Stories of Heroism: PVC & MVC Winners (in ????????), New Delhi: Allied Publishers, ISBN 978-81-7023-516-3
Cardozo, Major General Ian (retd.) (2003), Param Vir: Our Heroes in Battle (in ????????), New Delhi: Roli Books, ISBN 978-81-7436-262-9
Raj, Anthony (2009), Logistics Management for International Business: Text and Case (in ????????), New Delhi: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., ISBN 978-81-203-3792-3
Mikaberidze, Alexander (2011), Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World (in ????????), ABC-CLIO , ISBN 978-15-988-4336-1

[11] Lance naik is equivalent to lance corporal .

[FOOTNOTECardozo200345-1] Cardozo 2003 , p. 45.

[JCO-2] 2.0 ^2.1 "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)" (PDF) . The Gazette of India. 19 October 1957. p. 263.

[Family_of_second_Param_Vir_Chakra_recipient_to_auction_medal-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 "Family of second Param Vir Chakra recipient to auction medal" . The Hindu . Retrieved 17 April 2017 .

[FOOTNOTECardozo2003-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Cardozo 2003 .

[Death_anniversary_of_Hony_Capt_Karam_Singh_today-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 "Death anniversary of Hony Capt Karam Singh today" . The Tribune India . Retrieved 17 April 2017 .

[6] The London Gazette . 16 May 1944. Supplement: 36518. p. 2271

[Understanding_Support_for_Islamist_Militancy_in_Pakistan-7] Shapiro, Jacob N.; Fair, C. Christine. "Understanding Support for Islamist Militancy in Pakistan" (PDF) . Princeton Education . Princeton University. p. 79. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 September 2014 . Retrieved 11 October 2017 .

[FOOTNOTEMikaberidze2011-8] Mikaberidze 2011 .

[In_the_Line_of_Fire-9] Srivastava, Mihir (31 July 2014). "In the Line of Fire" . Open Magazine . Open Media Network Pvt. Ltd . Retrieved 11 October 2017 .

[FOOTNOTEChakravorty1995-10] 10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 ^10.3 ^10.4 Chakravorty 1995 .

[FOOTNOTECardozo200345–46-12] Cardozo 2003 , pp. 45?46.

[13] "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)" (PDF) . The Gazette of India. 31 October 1964. p. 444.

[14] "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence - Extraordinary Gazette of India". The Gazette of India. 26 January 1969. p. 2.

[FOOTNOTERaj2009-15] Raj 2009 .

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[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

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[8]

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[lower-alpha 1]

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[14]