???????????
????????? ??
????
??
?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??.???????? ????, ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? '?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???' ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??, ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??.????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???
????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????????????? ???? ??????????? ????? ???
[1]
[2]
??????????? ??? ????????-?????? ?????-??? ?? ?? ? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? 26 ??? 32 ????? ??? ????? ??, ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???
"???????????" ??? ??????
??????
??? ??? ??? ??, ????? ??? ??
???
???
????
, ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? (?????) ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??,?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ???
??????????? 1960 ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???
[3]
?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ???
?? ??????
??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? 229 ? ??? ?????? ??????????? ? ?? 43 ??? ????? ????
[4]
?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??, ??? ???? 2003 ???? ????- ??.?? ., 2004 ???? ??.??.?.?? ??.?? .63, 2005 ???? ??.??.?? 1, 2012 ???? ??? -??? ??? 2019 ???? ??.??.?.??. ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???
???????????
[
????
]
?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????, ????? ?? ??
????? ?? ????? ??
??? ?? ?? ? ????? ??? ??????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???
??????????? ?? ?? ? ????? ?? ??? 5 ′ ????????? ??? ??? ??? 3 ′ ?????????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???
??????????? ?? ??? ???????, ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??, ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???????????????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??; ??? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??, ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???. ????? <i id="mwZw">?????</i> ???????????? ???? ????? ????? ?? . ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??, ?? ??? ?? ??????????????????? ??????????? ???-??????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??,
[5]
??? ???? ?? ?? ? ????? ?? ?? ? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??? ???
?? ?? ? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????????? ???? ??, ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ???-??????? ??????? ????? ?? - ??? ??????? - ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???,????????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???
[6]
?????
[
????
]
?????????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???
[7]
??????
[
????
]
????
[
????
]
???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??, ???? ???-?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??, ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????, ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???
[8]
?? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ?? 17 ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??, ??? ??? ??? ?? 31 ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??? 31 ????? ??? ???? ??????
[9]
??, 2024 ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??.??.-1??? ??.??.-20???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???
??? 11
[
????
]
?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? 11 ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ???
[10]
?????? ????????
[
????
]
???? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???
??? '? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? '? 76 ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???
?????? ??? ??????
[
????
]
?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? '?? ??? ????? ??? 9/11 ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???
?????
[
????
]
??????????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? 8000 ??.??.???
[11]
?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??. ??? ??? ??????? ???? 8100 ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? (???????) ????? ??????????????????, ???????????????, ???????????????, ??? ?????????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? 2400 ?????, 3300 ?????, 2800 ????? ??? 3000 ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????, ???-??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????, ??????????? ??? ???? (???????????????? ??? ??????????????? ?? ????? ?? ???, ??? ???????????????? ??? ???????????????? ?? ??????) ?? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???
[12]
1951 ???? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??????????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????
[13]
?????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??? 43 1899 ???? ??? ??. ????? ??????????? 18 ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??? 43 ??? 1890 ???? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??? ?? ????
[14]
?????? ?????????? ??? 43 ?? ??????? 1950 ??? ????? ??? ???
[15]
???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???????????, ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??, ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???
[16]
?????? ??????????? ???? 63 ??? ??? ??? ??????????? ?? ??? ??????? 563?822 ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???
[17]
?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????????? ??? ???? ??????????? 1986 ???? ??? ???
[18]
???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??.
[19]
[20]
???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??,??? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ????, ???? ???? ???????????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???, ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???.
????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? 229E 1960 ??? ?????? ??? ???
[21]
?????? ??????????
[
????
]
??????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????,??? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???
[22]
???????????
?????? ??
???? ?? ???? ??, ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??
??????????? ??
???? ?? ?? ???? ??, ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????????
[23]
2003 ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????????, ????-????, ?? ??
????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???????
(?????) ?? ???? ???? ??, ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??, ?????? ?? ????? ???
?????
?????
??? ???? ????? ????? ??
???? ????
??
?
?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??:
- ?????? ??????????? 229E (???????-229E)
- ?????? ??????????? ??? 43 (???????-??? 43)
- ????- ?????
- ?????? ??????????? ???? 63 (??????? -???? 63, ???? ???? ???????????)
- ?????? ??????????? ?????? 1
- ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????? (
???????-?????
), ??????
???? ??????????? 2012
???
???????-?????
???? ????? ????? ??.
- ???? ??????????? (2019-nCoV),
[24]
??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ???
[25]
(?? ????? ???? '????' ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??, ??? ???? ???????, ??? ??? ????????? ??? ???)
[26]
??????????? ??????? -229 ?, -???? 63, -??? 43, ??? -?????? 1 ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????-????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???
[27]
????? ???? ??? ??????? (????)
[
????
]
2003 ???, ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????, ???
?????
???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????,
????? ???? ?????
(????????) ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????????? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? '?? ???? ??????????? (????-???) ????? ??? ??. 8,000 ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???, ??????? ????? 10% ?? ??? ?? ???
[28]
???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???????
[
????
]
????? 2012 ???, ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ???? ??, ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????????? 2012 ???? ????? ??, ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????? (???????-?????) ????? ??? ???
[29]
[30]
????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????
[31]
28 ????? 2012 ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????
[32]
???????, 12 ?? 2013 ???, ????? ???? ??????-?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???
[33]
?? ?? ???, ??????-???-?????? ??????? ?? ????? '? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??
?????????
??? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??, ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??????, ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??, ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????
[34]
30 ?????? 2013 ?? ????? ??? ???? 124 ????? ??? 52 ????? ????? ???
[35]
??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????, ????? ??? ??? ???? ???, ????? ??????????? ? ?????? ?????? ????? (???????-?????) ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????? (???????-?????) ?????? 2014 ????, ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??.?.??.??.-??.??. ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??, ?? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??, ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? '?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???
[36]
?? 2015 ????, ????? ?? ???????? ????, ???????-???? ?? ?????? ??????, ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??, ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? 4 ???-??? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??. ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???-???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????
[37]
????? 2019 ???, ??????????? ?????? ????? ???????-???? ?????? ?? 2,468 ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??, ??????? ????? 851 ???? ??, ??? ?? ???? 34.5%?
[38]
???? ??????????? (2019-nCoV)
[
????
]
????? 2019 ???,
?????
,
???
???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????
[39]
31 ????? 2019 ???, ?????? ??? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???,
[40]
??? ???
????? ???? ????? (????????)
????? ??? 2019-??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???
[24]
[26]
[41]
???????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????, ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? 2019 ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???
[42]
30 ????? 2020 (16:00 ??????) ?? ??????, ?? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? 214 ?? ??? 8,230 ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???
[43]
[44]
[45]
[46]
????? ?? ???? ??? ????-????? ?? ~ 70% ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? 2 ?? ??? ?????????????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???
[47]
?? ?????
?????
??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??,
[48]
?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???
[49]
???????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????, ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? “??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? [??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???
????
??”?
[42]
[50]
??? ?????
[
????
]
??????????? ??? 1970 ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ??, ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???
[51]
??? ????
[
????
]
??????????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????????????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??, ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??. ??????? ????, ??? ??????????, ??? ???? ?????????? ????? (??????), ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???, ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? . ????? ???? ???? ???? ???-??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???
[52]
????? ??? '?? ????????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????????? (???????????? ?????????????? ???????????, ?????) ??? ?????? ???????????? ????? ????? ??, ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???????????: ?? ???, ????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??, ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??
??? ???
??? ??????? ??????? ??????????? (??????), ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??. ??? ??????, ?? ?????? ?? ??????????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??: ???? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? (????) ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????????????????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??, ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ??? (????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????) ????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? (??????)
[53]
???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? (???????), ?? ?? ??? ???? ????????????????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??, ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??. ???? ?????????? ????? ??? (MHV) ??? ?????????? ??, ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? murine, ??? ?? ??? ??????, ???? ???? ??????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????.
[54]
???????????????????? ????? (???????) ??????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ??, ?? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??. ????? ????? ???? ????, ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ??
[55]
?? ???? 2 ??? ????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? (????-?????) ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???
[56]
????-????? ?? ??? ??? ??????, ??????
????
???
??????
?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? '?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?? ???? ???? ??,?? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? '?? ??????? ???? ??? ??, ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???????????
[57]
????? ??????? ????
[
????
]
??? ???? ?????????? ????? (??????) ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ??.
??????? ??????????? (??????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ???, ???????).
?????? ??????????? (??.??.??.), ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ??.
???? ??????????? (???????) ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???-??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? (??? ????? ?? ??? ???) ?? ???? ???? ??.
?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? (???????) (?? ???? ???????? ????? ??, ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??).
???? ?? ??????????? (??????) ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??.
????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??.
????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??.
?????????? ??????? ??????????.
?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??. ??? ?? ??? ??.
?? ??? ???? ??????? ??????, ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? (????? ??? ???????), ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???
[
????? ???????
]
?? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??, ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ???
[
????? ???????
]
?????
[
????
]
- ↑
de Groot RJ,
Baker SC
, Baric R, Enjuanes L, Gorbalenya AE, Holmes KV, Perlman S, Poon L, Rottier PJ, Talbot PJ, Woo PC, Ziebuhr J (2011). "Family
Coronaviridae
". In AMQ King, E Lefkowitz, MJ Adams, EB Carstens (eds.).
Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
. Elsevier, Oxford. pp. 806?828.
ISBN
978-0-12-384684-6
.
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International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (24 August 2010).
"ICTV Master Species List 2009 ? v10"
(xls)
.
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"Coronavirus: Common Symptoms, Preventive Measures, & How to Diagnose It"
.
Caringly Yours
(in ???????? (??????)). 2020-01-28. Archived from
the original
on 2020-03-06
. Retrieved
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.
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"Human coronaviruses: insights into environmental resistance and its influence on the development of new antiseptic strategies"
.
Viruses
.
4
(11): 3044?3068. November 2012.
doi
:
10.3390/v4113044
.
PMC
3509683
.
PMID
23202515
.
{{
cite journal
}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link
)
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"Homology-Based Identification of a Mutation in the Coronavirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase That Confers Resistance to Multiple Mutagens"
.
Journal of Virology
.
90
(16): 7415?7428. August 2016.
doi
:
10.1128/JVI.00080-16
.
PMC
4984655
.
PMID
27279608
.
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Fehr AR, Perlman S (2015). "Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis".
Coronaviruses
. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 1282. pp. 1?23.
doi
:
10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1
.
ISBN
978-1-4939-2437-0
.
PMC
4369385
.
PMID
25720466
.
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"Transmission of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) | CDC"
.
www.cdc.gov
(in ???????? (??????)). 2020-01-31
. Retrieved
2020-02-01
.
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"??????????? ?? ?????"
. 2022-05-11. Archived from
the original
on 2022-09-29
. Retrieved
2022-05-18
.
- ↑
"???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????, 17 ?? ?? ????? ????"
.
?? ??
(in ?????)
. Retrieved
2022-05-18
.
- ↑
"?????? ?? CM ???? ????????? ?? ??? 11, ?????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???"
.
?? ??
(in ?????)
. Retrieved
2022-05-18
.
- ↑
"A case for the ancient origin of coronaviruses"
.
Journal of Virology
.
87
(12): 7039?7045. June 2013.
doi
:
10.1128/JVI.03273-12
.
PMC
3676139
.
PMID
23596293
.
- ↑
"Discovery of seven novel Mammalian and avian coronaviruses in the genus deltacoronavirus supports bat coronaviruses as the gene source of alphacoronavirus and betacoronavirus and avian coronaviruses as the gene source of gammacoronavirus and deltacoronavirus"
.
Journal of Virology
.
86
(7): 3995?4008. April 2012.
doi
:
10.1128/JVI.06540-11
.
PMC
3302495
.
PMID
22278237
.
- ↑
"Evolutionary dynamics of bovine coronaviruses: natural selection pattern of the spike gene implies adaptive evolution of the strains"
.
The Journal of General Virology
.
94
(Pt 9): 2036?2049. September 2013.
doi
:
10.1099/vir.0.054940-0
.
PMID
23804565
.
- ↑
"Complete genomic sequence of human coronavirus OC43: molecular clock analysis suggests a relatively recent zoonotic coronavirus transmission event"
.
Journal of Virology
.
79
(3): 1595?1604. February 2005.
doi
:
10.1128/jvi.79.3.1595-1604.2005
.
PMC
544107
.
PMID
15650185
.
- ↑
"Molecular epidemiology of human coronavirus OC43 reveals evolution of different genotypes over time and recent emergence of a novel genotype due to natural recombination"
.
Journal of Virology
.
85
(21): 11325?11337. November 2011.
doi
:
10.1128/JVI.05512-11
.
PMC
3194943
.
PMID
21849456
.
- ↑
"Genetic characterization of Betacoronavirus lineage C viruses in bats reveals marked sequence divergence in the spike protein of pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5 in Japanese pipistrelle: implications for the origin of the novel Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus"
.
Journal of Virology
.
87
(15): 8638?8650. August 2013.
doi
:
10.1128/JVI.01055-13
.
PMC
3719811
.
PMID
23720729
.
- ↑
"Evidence supporting a zoonotic origin of human coronavirus strain NL63"
.
Journal of Virology
.
86
(23): 12816?12825. December 2012.
doi
:
10.1128/JVI.00906-12
.
PMC
3497669
.
PMID
22993147
.
- ↑
"Evolutionary insights into the ecology of coronaviruses"
.
Journal of Virology
.
81
(8): 4012?4020. April 2007.
doi
:
10.1128/jvi.02605-06
.
PMC
1866124
.
PMID
17267506
.
- ↑
"SARS-Coronavirus ancestor's foot-prints in South-East Asian bat colonies and the refuge theory".
Infection, Genetics and Evolution
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