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https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetry

????? ( ?????? ?????? Poetry ) ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????? ( aesthetic ) ? ????? ( rhythmic ) ?????? ???????? ???? ? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ( poiesis , "making") ????? ? ^[?]^[?]^[?] ?????????? ???????????, ?????????? ? ?????????? ??? ?

?????????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ( history ) ??? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ? ??? ( Nile ) ??????? ??????? ????????, ????? ( Niger ) ? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????? ? ^[?] ??????? ?????? ( Pyramid Texts ) ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ????:??: ?????? ???????????, ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ( Epic of Sundiata ) ????????? ???? ??????? ( griot ) ?????? ????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ( Sumerian| ) ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ( Epic of Gilgamesh ) ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ? ??????? ( Eurasia ) ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ( Shijing ); ??????? ????? ??? ( Sanskrit en:Vedas ), ?????????????? ??? ( Zoroastrian Gathas ), ??????? ( Homer ) ????? ( Iliad ) ? ?????? ( Odyssey ) ? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ( Aristotle ) ????????? ??????, ??? ? ???????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ? ????????? ????? ??????? ????, ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?

????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ? ????? ???? ( assonance ), ???????? ( alliteration ), ????? ??????????? ( onomatopoeia ) ? ????? ( rhythm ) ???????? ????? ??????? ? ????????? , ??????, ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ???? ( metaphor ), ???? ( simile ) ? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ? ^[?]

??????? ?????? ????? ( epic poem ) ???? ?? ???????? ( Epic of Gilgamesh ) ????? ????:??: ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??? ?????? ???, ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ? ????????? ????? ?????? ( papyrus ) ???? ??????????? ? ^[?] ????:??: ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????????? ??????? ? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??? ( symbolically married ) ?????? ??????? ? ^[?]^[?] ???? ????? ????:??: ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????????? ?

???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ? ?????, ????? ??????? ? ?????: ?????? ????? ?????? ????:??: ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ( Virgil 's Aeneid ), ????? ???? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ??????????? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?????, ??? ? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ? ^[?]^[??]

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↑ "Poetry" . Oxford Dictionaries . Oxford University Press. 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-06-18 . Retrieved 2019-11-12 .
↑ "Poetry" . Merriam-Webster . Merriam-Webster, Inc. 2013.
↑ "Poetry" . Dictionary.com . Dictionary.com, LLC. 2013?Based on the Random House Dictionary {{ cite web }}: CS1 maint: postscript ( link )
↑ Oral Literature in Africa, Ruth Finnegan, Open Book Publishers, 2012
↑ Strachan, John R; Terry, Richard, G (2000). Poetry: an introduction . Edinburgh University Press. p. 119. ISBN 978-0-8147-9797-6 . {{ cite book }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link )
↑ Sanders, NK (trans.) (1972). The Epic of Gilgamesh (Revised ed.). Penguin Books. pp. 7?8.
↑ Mark, Joshua J. (13 August 2014). "The World's Oldest Love Poem" . '[...] What I held in my hand was one of the oldest love songs written down by the hand of man [...].'
↑ ARSU, SEBNEM. "Oldest Line In The World" . New York Times . New York Times . Retrieved 1 May 2015 . A small tablet in a special display this month in the Istanbul Museum of the Ancient Orient is thought to be the oldest love poem ever found, the words of a lover from more than 4,000 years ago.
↑ ???? ???: ??? <ref> ?????; Goody, Jack 1987 98 ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?
↑ Ahl, Frederick; Roisman, Hannah M (1996). The Odyssey Re-Formed . Cornell University Press. pp. 1?26 . ISBN 978-0-8014-8335-6 . .

[1] "Poetry" . Oxford Dictionaries . Oxford University Press. 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-06-18 . Retrieved 2019-11-12 .

[2] "Poetry" . Merriam-Webster . Merriam-Webster, Inc. 2013.

[3] "Poetry" . Dictionary.com . Dictionary.com, LLC. 2013?Based on the Random House Dictionary {{ cite web }}: CS1 maint: postscript ( link )

[4] Oral Literature in Africa, Ruth Finnegan, Open Book Publishers, 2012

[5] Strachan, John R; Terry, Richard, G (2000). Poetry: an introduction . Edinburgh University Press. p. 119. ISBN 978-0-8147-9797-6 . {{ cite book }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link )

[6] Sanders, NK (trans.) (1972). The Epic of Gilgamesh (Revised ed.). Penguin Books. pp. 7?8.

[7] Mark, Joshua J. (13 August 2014). "The World's Oldest Love Poem" . '[...] What I held in my hand was one of the oldest love songs written down by the hand of man [...].'

[oldest_poem-8] ARSU, SEBNEM. "Oldest Line In The World" . New York Times . New York Times . Retrieved 1 May 2015 . A small tablet in a special display this month in the Istanbul Museum of the Ancient Orient is thought to be the oldest love poem ever found, the words of a lover from more than 4,000 years ago.

[Goody,_Jack_1987_98-9] ???? ???: ??? <ref> ?????; Goody, Jack 1987 98 ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?

[10] Ahl, Frederick; Roisman, Hannah M (1996). The Odyssey Re-Formed . Cornell University Press. pp. 1?26 . ISBN 978-0-8014-8335-6 . .

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