|
|
| ??????
|
| ???
,
???????
,
??????
|
???????, C, 6
|
| ??????? ?????
|
?????
|
| ?????
,
??????
,
????
|
14
,
2
,
p
|
| ???
|
?????? (????????)
?????? (????)
|
| ????? ??????
|
12.0107
(?)
?????/???
|
| ???????????? ???????????
|
1s
2
2s
2
2p
2
|
| ??????????
?????
???
|
2, 4
|
| ????? ???
|
| ???
|
???
|
| ?????
(
??.??.
????)
|
(????????) 2.267 ??·?? ??
−?
|
| ?????
(
??.??.
????)
|
(????) 3.513 ??·?? ??
−?
|
| ????? ????
|
? ?????? ??????, ca. 10 MPa
and (4300–4700)
??
(4027–4427 °
??
,
7280–8000 °
?
)
|
| ???????? ????
|
?
subl.
ca. 4000
??
(3727 °
??
, 6740 °
?
)
|
| ???????????? ???
|
(graphite) ? 100
?? ??·???
−?
|
| ???????????? ???
|
(diamond) ? 120
?? ??·???
−?
|
| ????????????? ???
|
? 355.8
?? ??·???
−?
|
| ??? ??????
|
(?? °??) (graphite)
8.517 ??·???
−?
·??
−?
|
| ??? ??????
|
(?? °??) (diamond)
6.115 ??·???
−?
·??
−?
|
????? ???
(graphite)
| ??
/???
|
?
|
??
|
???
|
? ??
|
?? ??
|
??? ??
|
| ??
/?? ??
|
|
2839
|
3048
|
3289
|
3572
|
3908
|
|
| ????? ???
|
| ?????? ?????????
|
hexagonal
|
| ????????? ?????
|
4
, 2
(mildly
acidic
oxide)
|
| ??????????????????
|
2.55 (?????? ?????)
|
?????????? ?????
(
????
)
|
1st: 1086.5
??.??.·???
−?
|
| 2nd: 2352.6 ??.??.·???
−?
|
| 3rd: 4620.5 ??.??.·???
−?
|
| ????? ?????
|
70
?? ??
|
| ????? ????? (??????)
|
67
?? ??
|
| ??????????? ?????
|
77
?? ??
|
| ????? ?? ??? ?????
|
170
?? ??
|
| ??????
|
| ???????? ???
|
diamagnetic
|
| ??? ??????
|
(??? ??) (graphite)
(119–165) ??·??
−?
·??
−?
|
| ??? ??????
|
(??? ??) (diamond)
(900–2320) ??·??
−?
·??
−?
|
| ????? ??????????????
|
(??? ??) (diamond)
(503–1300)
??.??.
²/
??
|
| ??????? ????????
|
(graphite) 1-2
|
| ??????? ????????
|
(diamond) 10.0
|
| ?? ? ??? ?????????? ????
|
7440-44-0
|
| ????????? ???????
|
|
|
| ?????
|
????:Element 6.webm
?????? ??????
???????
??
??????
????? ?????? ? ???? ? ??????? ??? C ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ? ??????????????? ??? ???, ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? C ? ?? C ????? (stable) ??? ????? ?? C ???????????? ??? ? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????????? (decay)? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???
????? ????
?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???????
???????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????? (????), ???? ? ???????(??????) ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???. ???, ???? ??????? ???????? ???, ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ????, ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? (????????????) ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????????????? ????? ???
