Vai?rava?a
(
Sanskrit
???????, ????: ???????, ????? ????????????), ???????? ??????? ('
Jambhala
) ? ???????
???????????
???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??
??????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? "???????? ???" (hear distinctly) ?? ???????? ?? ("become famous") ??
[?]
??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? (?? ???????? ????) ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??
[?]
[?]
[?]
[?]
?????????? ????????? ?????, ????? ????? ? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???
[?]
[?]
??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??
- 多聞天 (???? ????: 多?天):
?????? ????
??? ??? ????? (
Du? Wen Ti?n
)
???????? ????
: ????????? (
Damuncheon
, 多聞天),
?????? ????
???????? (
Tamonten
)? ??? ??? ????? ???? "???? ???????? ????" ??
- 毘沙門天: ?????? ??????? ????? (
Pish?men Ti?n
), ????????: ??????????
Bisamuncheon
(毘沙門天), ??????:??????????
Bishamonten
? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ???
- ?????? ????
: ??????????? (
rnam.thos.sras
??????????)
- ?????? ????
: (Баян) Намсрай
(??? ) ???????
- ??? ????
: ????????? or ????????????? ( ??? ?????
Thao Kuwen
?? ??? ?????????
Thao Vessuwan
)
??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???-??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ? ???? ????????? ? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????
??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ? ????? ?????? ??????? ???
????
????? ???? ???? ???? ???
???????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???????
????
?????????????? mongoose???? ??????? ???? mongoose
??
?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??
???????? ?????
[
???????
]
?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? (????????????)?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? (?lakamand?) ,?????? ???? ???? ?, ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????(????)???? ????????? ???????
??????? ??? ??????? (Bhunjat?) ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ???(Lat?), ????? (Sajj?), ???? (Pavar?), ???????? (Acchimat?), ? ???? (Sut?) ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? (Pu??aka) ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? (Irandat?)?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? (???????:??????) ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???
????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??,??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????
As with all the Buddhist deities,
Vessava?a
is properly the name of an office (filled for life) rather than a permanent individual. Each
Vessava?a
is mortal, and when he dies, he will be replaced by a new
Vessava?a
. Like other beings of the C?tummah?r?jika world, his lifespan is 90,000 years (other sources say nine million years).
Vessava?a
has the authority to grant the yakkhas particular areas (e.g., a lake) to protect, and these are usually assigned at the beginning of a
Vessava?a
's reign.
When
the Buddha
was born,
Vessava?a
became his follower, and eventually attained the stage of
sot?panna
(Sanskrit:
srota?panna
, one who has only seven more lives before enlightenment). He often brought the Buddha and his followers messages from the gods and other humans, and protected them. He presented to the Buddha the
???n???
verses, which Buddhists meditating in the forest could use to ward off the attacks of wild yakkhas or other supernatural beings who do not have faith in the Buddha. These verses are an early form of
paritta
chanting.
Bimbis?ra
, King of
Magadha
, after his death was reborn as a yakkha called Janavasabha in the retinue of
Vessava?a
.
In the early years of Buddhism,
Vessava?a
was worshipped at trees dedicated to him as shrines. Some people appealed to him to grant them children.
In Japan,
Bishamonten
(毘沙門天), or just
Bishamon
(毘沙門) is thought of as an armor-clad god of
warfare
or warriors and a punisher of evildoers ? a view that is at odds with the more pacific Buddhist king described above. Bishamon is portrayed holding a spear in one hand and a small
pagoda
in the other hand, the latter symbolizing the divine treasure house, whose contents he both guards and gives away. In Japanese folklore, he is one of the
Japanese
Seven Gods of Fortune
.
Bishamon is also called Tamonten (多聞天), meaning "listening to many teachings" because he is seen as the guardian of the places where
Buddha
preaches. He is believed to live half way down
Mount Sumeru
.
In Tibet,
Vai?rava?a
is considered a
worldly dharmap?la
or protector of the
Dharma
, a member of the retinue of
Ratnasambhava
.
[?]
He is also known as the King of the North. As guardian of the north, he is often depicted on temple murals outside the main door. He is also thought of as a god of wealth. As such,
Vai?rava?a
is sometimes portrayed carrying a
citron
, the fruit of the
jambhara
tree, a pun on another name of his,
Jambhala
(in Tibetan pronunciation
Dzambala
or
Zambala
). The fruit helps distinguish him iconically from depictions of
Kuvera
. He is sometimes represented as corpulent and covered with jewels. When shown seated, his right foot is generally pendant and supported by a
lotus
-flower on which is a conch shell. His mount is a snow lion.
Nam Te Se. (???????????? or ????????) is not Dzambala. Nam Te is the king, and Dzambala is one of his ranking ministers. Nam Te Se has eight ranks, and Dzambala is one of these ranks.
Tibetan Buddhists consider Jambhala's sentiment regarding wealth to be providing freedom by way of bestowing prosperity, so that one may focus on the path or spirituality rather than on the materiality and temporality of that wealth.
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