?????????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?? ? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ? ?? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ? ?? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ? ? ?-???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? (Threshhold) ??????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ? ? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?.??, ?????? ?? ??, ? ??? ?????? ?? ??% ? ? ^[?]

????? [ ??????? ????????? ]

?????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ^[?]

• ?? ?? ??? ????
• ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ????, ???????, ???? ??????? ? ???????? ???????????? ????
• ???????? ????? ????? ??????
• ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????

??????? [ ??????? ????????? ]

• ???? ???????? ?????????? ??? ? ?????? ???? ???? ????
• ????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????????
• ?????????? ? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????
• ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???????????? ?????

?????? [ ??????? ????????? ]

?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????

• ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? (List Proportional Representation System)
• ??? ????????? ?? ??????? (Single Transferable Vote System)

?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? [ ??????? ????????? ]

?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ??????? ? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? "???? ???" ?? "???? ???” ???? ??????? ?????? ? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??% ?????? ?????? ? ? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?.?%, ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????? ????? ???????

?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????, ???? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ? ?? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ? ?? ????????? ??????? ???, ???? ? ???????? ???? ? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???, ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?

??????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ? ??????? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ? ?? ????????? ???????? ????? ??-??????????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ? ???? ?????????????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ???????????? ?????/????????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ???????????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ? ??????? , ???????? ?? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?

??? ????????? ?? ??????? [ ??????? ????????? ]

?? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ?? ????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ????? ???????????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ? ? ?? ????? ???????????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ???????????? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?

?????????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? [ ??????? ????????? ]

List of countries using proportional representation to elect the lower (or only) house of national legislature
?????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????	??? ????????? ??	Mixed-member proportional

??????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????

Detailed information on electoral systems applying to the first chamber of the legislature is maintained by the ACE Electoral Knowledge Network . ^{[?] [?]} Countries using PR as part of a mixed-member majoritarian (e.g. parallel voting ) system are not included.

??????? ?????????? [ ??????? ????????? ]