??????????? ?????? (?????????: Ecosystem) ???? ????????? ???? ?????? (??? ??????, ??? ?????, ???????????? ??????) ? ???????????? ????????????? ?? ? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ? ????? ???????????? ????? ? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ???????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ? ???? ???????? ??????? ? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ? ???? ????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ? ????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?? ?

?????? [ ??????? ????????? ]

????????????? ???????? ???? ????????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ? ??????? ?????? ?????? :

1. ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????????? ??????
2. ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??????

??????? ?????????? [ ??????? ????????? ]

????? ??? [ ??????? ????????? ]

?????????? ????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ????? ????

????????, ??:????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????

• Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005)
• The State of the Nation's Ecosystems (U.S.) ??????? ????? ?????????? ????-??-?? ????
• Bering Sea Climate and Ecosystem (Current status)
• Arctic Climate and Ecosystem (Current status)
• Teaching about Ecosystems ??????? ????? ?????????? ????-??-?? ????
• Components, Structure and Function of the Ecosystem