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????? ?: World Meteorological Organization (UN) (1971–2000), ^[?] NOAA for mean, record high and low and humidity ^[?]
????? ?: Danish Meteorological Institute for sunshine (1931–1960) ^[?]

??????? ?????????? [ ??????? ????????? ]

↑ "????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????.. ?????: "??????? ???????"" , ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?
↑ Santa Maria Tours (? ?????????? ????), "Cairo ? "Al-Qahira"- is Egypt's capital and the largest city in the Middle East and Africa." , PRLog , ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?
↑ "World's Densest Cities" , Forbes, ?? ???????? ???? , ?????? ????? ? ????? ???? ?
↑ Population and Housing Census 2006, Governorate level, Population distribution by sex (xls), Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics, ??? ??? ?? ????? ????-?? ????????? , ?????? ????? ? ????? ???? ? |deadurl= ?????????? ????? ???? ( ?????? ) ??????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ????. Adjusted census result, as Helwan governorate was created on 17 April 2008 from a.o. ^{[
clarification needed
]} parts of the Cairo governorate.
↑ "Weather Information for Cairo" , World Meteorological Organization , ?????? ????? ?????? ??, ???? ? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??, ???? ????
↑ "Cairo (A) Climate Normals 1961–1990" , National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , ?????? ????? ?????? ??, ???? ?
↑ Cappelen, John; Jensen, Jens, "Egypten - Cairo" , Climate Data for Selected Stations (1931-1960) (Danish??), Danish Meteorological Institute, ??: ??, ??? ??? ?????? ??, ????-?? ????????? , ?????? ????? ?????? ??, ???? ? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??, ???? ????

?? ??? ?????????? [ ??????? ????????? ]

[1] "????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????.. ?????: "??????? ???????"" , ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?

[2] Santa Maria Tours (? ?????????? ????), "Cairo ? "Al-Qahira"- is Egypt's capital and the largest city in the Middle East and Africa." , PRLog , ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?

[forbes1-3] "World's Densest Cities" , Forbes, ?? ???????? ???? , ?????? ????? ? ????? ???? ?

[Capmas2006-4] Population and Housing Census 2006, Governorate level, Population distribution by sex (xls), Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics, ??? ??? ?? ????? ????-?? ????????? , ?????? ????? ? ????? ???? ? |deadurl= ?????????? ????? ???? ( ?????? ) ??????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ????. Adjusted census result, as Helwan governorate was created on 17 April 2008 from a.o. ^{[
clarification needed
]} parts of the Cairo governorate.

[5] "Weather Information for Cairo" , World Meteorological Organization , ?????? ????? ?????? ??, ???? ? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??, ???? ????

[NOAA-6] "Cairo (A) Climate Normals 1961–1990" , National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , ?????? ????? ?????? ??, ???? ?

[DMI-7] Cappelen, John; Jensen, Jens, "Egypten - Cairo" , Climate Data for Selected Stations (1931-1960) (Danish??), Danish Meteorological Institute, ??: ??, ??? ??? ?????? ??, ????-?? ????????? , ?????? ????? ?????? ??, ???? ? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??, ???? ????

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