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??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????????????? ??? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ?????- ???? ???????? ( ????????? ), ????????? ? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????-????? ????????????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? "?????? ????? ???????" ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ??-??? ???????????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ????, ?? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???-???? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ??

??????? ?????????? [ ??????? ????????? ]

↑ "Ecuador" , The World Factbook , ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?
↑ "Constitucion Politica de la Republica del Ecuador" , ?????? ????? ?????????? ??, ???? ?
↑ EL UNIVERSO (? ?????????? ????), "Poblacion del pais es joven y mestiza, dice censo del INEC ? Data from the national census 2010 (2011-09-02)" , El Universo , ??? ??? ?? ?????????? ????-?? ????????? , ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?
↑ Espana (????? ?, ????), "Tratado de paz y amistad celebrado entre Espana y la Republica del Ecuador: en 16 de febrero de 1840" , en la Imprenta Nacional – Google Books???????
↑ ^?.? ^?.? ^?.? "Ecuador" , International Monetary Fund?
↑ "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: Ecuador GDP" , Internatinal Monetary Fund ?
↑ "Gini Index" , World Bank , ?????? ????? ???????? ?, ???? ?
↑ "2015 Human Development Report" , United Nations Development Programme, ???? , ?????? ????? ???????? ??, ???? ?

????? ?????? [ ??????? ????????? ]

?? ??? ?????????? [ ??????? ????????? ]

[CIA-1] "Ecuador" , The World Factbook , ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?

[2] "Constitucion Politica de la Republica del Ecuador" , ?????? ????? ?????????? ??, ???? ?

[ethn-3] EL UNIVERSO (? ?????????? ????), "Poblacion del pais es joven y mestiza, dice censo del INEC ? Data from the national census 2010 (2011-09-02)" , El Universo , ??? ??? ?? ?????????? ????-?? ????????? , ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?

[4] Espana (????? ?, ????), "Tratado de paz y amistad celebrado entre Espana y la Republica del Ecuador: en 16 de febrero de 1840" , en la Imprenta Nacional – Google Books???????

[imf2-5] ?.? ^?.? ^?.? "Ecuador" , International Monetary Fund?

[IMF-6] "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: Ecuador GDP" , Internatinal Monetary Fund ?

[wb-gini-7] "Gini Index" , World Bank , ?????? ????? ???????? ?, ???? ?

[HDI-8] "2015 Human Development Report" , United Nations Development Programme, ???? , ?????? ????? ???????? ??, ???? ?

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