????

???
???? ???	Oslo ???? ??? ??????? ????.
???? ???	Oslo ???? ??? ??????? ????.
??????? ???	Осло ? Кристиания ? Христиания ? Осло
?????	National urban environment award (en) ( ???? ) ;
????? ????	???? (????????)
????	???? ( ???? ? )
????? ???????	Oslo Municipality (en)
??????	????… ???? ? ?????? (fa) ? Quisling regime (en) ( ???? ? ???? ) ? Oslo Municipality (en) ? Aker (en)
??????/????????	Eirik Lae Solberg (en) ( ???? ? )
???	?????? km² ( ???? ) ; ?????? km² ( ???? )
?????	??????? ( ????? (fa) )
????? ??	0001?1299
??????? ??	3143244
???? 3166	NO-03
??????	oslo.kommune.no
?? ???? ?????	????… ?????? (fa) ? ??????? ( ???? ? ) ? ??????? ? ??????? ? ??????-???????? ? ???????? ? ?? ???? ? ??????? ( ???? ? ) ? ?????? (fa) ? ???? ? ?? ???????? ( ???? ? ) ? ?????? ? ??? ??????? (fa) ? ???? ? ?????? ????????? (fa) ? ??????? ? ???????? ?? ?? ? ?????? (fa) ? ??? ? ??????? ? ???? ( ???? ? )

??????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? (??????) ????. ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????.

????? [ ?????? ]

↑ " Byhistoriker: - Kristiania med K er skivebom " . ?????????? (?????? ??). Schibsted Media. ?? ????? ???? . Retrieved 9 August 2020 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |access-date= ? |date= ( help ) ??????? ??????:???? ???????? ( link )
↑ ArchINFORM location ID: 1329 . ??? ??? ????? ???: ????????? . ???????? ?????: ? ????? ???? . ??? ?? ???? ????: ?????? ????.
↑ ^??? ^??? ??? ??? ????? ???: Area statistics for Norway 2020 . ???????: Norwegian Mapping and Cadastre Authority. ????: Norwegian Mapping and Cadastre Authority. ??? ?? ???? ????: ??????. ??????? ?????: ?? ?????? ???? .
↑ " Kommunefakta " ( ?????? ??) . Retrieved 4 March 2023 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |access-date= ( help ) ??????? ??????:???? ???????? ( link )
↑ ??? ??? ????? ???: list of twin towns and sister cities in Norway .
↑ ????? ????????: http://www.ivilnius.lt/pazink/apie-vilniu/miestai-partneriai .
↑ ????? ????????: https://vilnius.lt/lt/tarptautinis-bendradarbiavimas/ .
↑ ????? ????????: https://kvs.gov.spb.ru/en/agreements/ .
↑ ????? ????????: https://kyivcity.gov.ua/news/vitaliy_klichko_z_merami_8_yevropeyskikh_mist_vidkriv_art-obyekt_na_arsenalniy_takozh_kiv_pidpisav_ugodi_pro_pobratimstvo_sche_z_troma_yevropeyskimi_mistami_foto/ .
↑ ????? ????????: https://kyivcity.gov.ua/kyiv_ta_miska_vlada/pro_kyiv/mista-pobratimi_z_yakimi_kiyevom_pidpisani_dokumenti_pro_poridnennya_druzhbu_spivrobitnitstvo_partnerstvo/ .

[f250525cd34cface3210c01fd8ca9cb358123e57-1] " Byhistoriker: - Kristiania med K er skivebom " . ?????????? (?????? ??). Schibsted Media. ?? ????? ???? . Retrieved 9 August 2020 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |access-date= ? |date= ( help ) ??????? ??????:???? ???????? ( link )

[c81465dba0d3c13eb5fd9c0c8d1b051d9b2a76de-2] ArchINFORM location ID: 1329 . ??? ??? ????? ???: ????????? . ???????? ?????: ? ????? ???? . ??? ?? ???? ????: ?????? ????.

[2b2676728cabed7a9fbdc2c6374eef81f121d0c3-3] ??? ^??? ??? ??? ????? ???: Area statistics for Norway 2020 . ???????: Norwegian Mapping and Cadastre Authority. ????: Norwegian Mapping and Cadastre Authority. ??? ?? ???? ????: ??????. ??????? ?????: ?? ?????? ???? .

[8016151df25111e780d7a4b2c4a15da48887683b-4] " Kommunefakta " ( ?????? ??) . Retrieved 4 March 2023 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |access-date= ( help ) ??????? ??????:???? ???????? ( link )

[2bb9726a15ae820ff4b6af8af69616d81d7a7466-5] ??? ??? ????? ???: list of twin towns and sister cities in Norway .

[a5f7dfcb6a396bd3d18a21ac54397458bf68ad3f-6] ????? ????????: http://www.ivilnius.lt/pazink/apie-vilniu/miestai-partneriai .

[adfdc18418b2ba28be56dc357c135aebbe52a9bd-7] ????? ????????: https://vilnius.lt/lt/tarptautinis-bendradarbiavimas/ .

[80263ad097e75688a26f01016781529259bbe806-8] ????? ????????: https://kvs.gov.spb.ru/en/agreements/ .

[9bfab7d3b0f9c7f4987ed32f7746b0f3ac55345a-9] ????? ????????: https://kyivcity.gov.ua/news/vitaliy_klichko_z_merami_8_yevropeyskikh_mist_vidkriv_art-obyekt_na_arsenalniy_takozh_kiv_pidpisav_ugodi_pro_pobratimstvo_sche_z_troma_yevropeyskimi_mistami_foto/ .

[f15514e0cdc7e8a52608a529c63106c831f62b99-10] ????? ????????: https://kyivcity.gov.ua/kyiv_ta_miska_vlada/pro_kyiv/mista-pobratimi_z_yakimi_kiyevom_pidpisani_dokumenti_pro_poridnennya_druzhbu_spivrobitnitstvo_partnerstvo/ .

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[??]

?? ? ? ??????? ??????? ?????????
??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????.
???	???????? ? ???? ^? ?????? ?? ??? ? ?????? ??? ? ????? ?????? ? ????? ^? ?????? ? ?? ????? (????????) ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ???? ? ???????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ? ???? (????????) ?? ??? ???? ? ????? (????????)
????	??????? ? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ????????? ? ???????? (????) ??????? ? ???? (?????) ??? ? ??????? (???????) ??????????? ? ??? ???? (????) ???? ? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ? ???? (???????)
?????	????? ? ????? ?????????? ? ??????? ??????? ? ???????? ????????? ? ?????? ???? ? ?? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ??? ? ????? ???? ? ??????
????	?????? ? ????? ^? ??? ? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ??? ???? ? ??? ???? (????????) ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ? ???????? ??????-??? ? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ^? ????? ?????? ? ????? ???? ^{?? ?} ?????????? ? ????? ???? ???????? ? ????? ^? ?? ? ??????? ??? ?????? ? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ????? ? ????????? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ? ????? ??????? ???? ? ??????? ????? ? ??????
???	?????? ? ???????? ^? ???? ? ????????? ^? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ????? ? ????? ^? ???? ? ?????? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????? ^{?? ?} ?????? ? ??????? ^{?? ?} ????? ? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ^? ??????? ? ????????????? ^? ????????? ? ????? ?????? ^{?? ?} ??????? ? ??????? ?????? ? ???????? ^?
¹ ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ² ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ³ ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ⁴ ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????-?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ⁵ ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????????