?????? ????????? Deutsches Reich
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??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????-???? ?????? ?????? ?????-???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? (????? ???) Hlu?in ??? ????? ??????? ?????-??????
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????? ? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????. ??????:Note a. The term "reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people. The term " Kaiserreich " literally denotes an empire ? particularly a hereditary empire led by a literal emperor, though " reich " has been used in German to denote the ????????? ??? because it has a weak hereditary tradition. In the case of the German Empire, the official name was Deutsches Reich that is properly translated as "German Realm" because the official position of head of state in the constitution of the German Empire was officially a " presidency " of a confederation of German states led by the ????? ????? ???? who would assume "the title of German Emperor" as referring to the ????????? but was not emperor of Germany as in an emperor of a state. [?]

????? ????????? ( ?????? ??: Deutsches Reich ) ?? ???? ??? ( ?????? ??: Zweites Reich ) ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ????. ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????.

?? ???? ?????????? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????. ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ????.

????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ????.

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???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????.

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