?????????

???????????????? ( *Rana temporaria* ) ?????????????????????? ???????????

????????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ? ???????????????? ?????????????????????? ??????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ????????????????? ??????????????????????? ????????????????? ??? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????????? ???? ?????????????? ????????????????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ^[?]^[?]

Bufo bufo ?????????? ??????????????????

??????? [ ?????????? ]

↑ The Grammarphobia Blog: On tadpoles and pollywogs (2012-05-01)? 2016-08-22 ???? ?????? ??? ????????????????? 2016-08-08 ???? ???????????? “The word is a compound of the Middle English tade or tadde (toad) and, apparently, the noun "poll" (head or roundhead), Oxford says. [...] Its earliest appearance in writing?spelled "polwygle"?is from 1440, the OED says. That very odd-looking word was originally derived, Oxford says, from "poll" plus "wiggle".”
↑ Crump, Martha L. (2009). " Amphibian diversity and life history ". Amphibian Ecology and Conservation. A Handbook of Techniques : 3?19. Archived 15 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine . ?????????????????????? ? 15 July 2011 ???? ?????? ??? ????????????????? 4 January 2023 ???? ????????????

[1] The Grammarphobia Blog: On tadpoles and pollywogs (2012-05-01)? 2016-08-22 ???? ?????? ??? ????????????????? 2016-08-08 ???? ???????????? “The word is a compound of the Middle English tade or tadde (toad) and, apparently, the noun "poll" (head or roundhead), Oxford says. [...] Its earliest appearance in writing?spelled "polwygle"?is from 1440, the OED says. That very odd-looking word was originally derived, Oxford says, from "poll" plus "wiggle".”

[2] Crump, Martha L. (2009). " Amphibian diversity and life history ". Amphibian Ecology and Conservation. A Handbook of Techniques : 3?19. Archived 15 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine . ?????????????????????? ? 15 July 2011 ???? ?????? ??? ????????????????? 4 January 2023 ???? ????????????

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