??????????????

????????????? ??
??????????????
Kumtura Caves
Kumtula Grottoes
ကုမုတုရာဂူများ သည် Xinjiang တွင် တည်ရှိသည်
ကုမုတုရာဂူများ
Xinjiang?????? ???????????????
ကုမုတုရာဂူများ သည် China တွင် တည်ရှိသည်
ကုမုတုရာဂူများ
?????????????? (China)
??????? Xinjiang , China
?????????? 41°42′42″N 82°40′42″E  /  41.7117°N 82.6784°E  / 41.7117; 82.6784 ?????????? : 41°42′42″N 82°40′42″E  /  41.7117°N 82.6784°E  / 41.7117; 82.6784

????????????????????????? ( ?????????????? : ? 木 吐 喇 千 佛 洞 ; ??????????? : 庫木吐喇千佛洞 ; ?????? : Kumut?l? Qi?nfodong ) ??? ????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????????????? ???????? ?????????????????????????????????? Kuqa ???????? Kucha ? ????????? ?? ????????????????????? ?????????? [?] [?] ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????????????? ??????????? Kizilgaha ??????? Kizil ??????? Subashi ???????????????? Simsim ?????????? ???????? [?]

??????????????????? ??? ????????????????? ????????????????????? ? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????????????????????

??????????? [ ?????????? ]

  • Kumtura Caves overview
    Kumtura Caves overview
  • The Kumtura Grottoes are located along the Muzat River.
    The Kumtura Grottoes are located along the Muzat River .
  • Kumtura Caves, sample plan
    Kumtura Caves, sample plan
  • Headless statue from Kumtura at the Museum für Asiatische Kunst, Berlin
    Headless statue from Kumtura at the Museum fur Asiatische Kunst , Berlin
  • Donors in Hephthalite style, Kumtura Caves. Similar donors can be seen in the Kizil Caves.[၄][၅] Circa 500 CE.[၆][၇]
    Donors in Hephthalite style, Kumtura Caves. Similar donors can be seen in the Kizil Caves . [?] [?] Circa 500 CE. [?] [?]
  • Group of donors in Tocharian clothing, Kumtura Caves.
    Group of donors in Tocharian clothing , Kumtura Caves.
  • Dignitary seized by soldiers. Kumtura painting, 8th-9th century CE
    Dignitary seized by soldiers. Kumtura painting, 8th-9th century CE
  • Statuettes of Devatas, Kumtura
    Statuettes of Devatas , Kumtura
  • Man in royal attire, Kumtura Caves
    Man in royal attire, Kumtura Caves
  • Kumtura deity (dome)
    Kumtura deity (dome)
  • Kumtura deity (dome)
    Kumtura deity (dome)
  • Fresco on the dome
    Fresco on the dome

????????????? [ ?????????? ]

??????? [ ?????????? ]

  1. ↑ Agnew, Neville, ed. (2010)? Conservation of Ancient Sites on the Silk Road: Proceedings of the Second International Conference (PDF) ? Getty Conservation Institute ? pp. 37?9? ISBN   9781606060131 ?
  2. ↑ Wang Weidong, ed. (2008)? ?木吐喇石窟?容?? [ A general record of the Kumtura caves ] (??????????????????)? 文物出版社? ISBN   9787501023844 ?
  3. ↑ (Other than Kizil)... "The nearby site of Kumtura contains over a hundred caves, forty of which contain painted murals or inscriptions. Other cave sites near Kucha include Subashi, Kizilgaha, and Simsim." in Buswell? Robert E.; Lopez? Donald S. (24 November 2013)? The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism (??????????????????????)? Princeton University Press? p. 438? ISBN   978-1-4008-4805-8 ?
  4. ↑ " Change of suspension systems of daggers and swords in eastern Eurasia: Its relation to the Hephthalite occupation of Central Asia " (2016). ZINBUN 46 .  
  5. ↑ " THE HEPHTHALITES: ICONOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS " (2014). Tyragetia 8 .  
  6. ↑ " Remarks on the Paintings from the Buddhist Monastery of Fayaz Tepe (Southern Uzbekistan) " (2008). Bulletin of the Asia Institute 22 . ISSN 0890-4464 .  
  7. ↑ MIA Berlin: Turfan Collection: Kizil ?
" https://my.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=??????????????&oldid=821667 " ?? ??????