| ?? ???????
?????
????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????. ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????
???????????
??? ??? ????.
???? ????????? ??????????
?? ????
??????????
, ??????????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ? ????-?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????.
|
????????????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ?????????
?????? ???? ?????
|
??????????, ???????????, ???????????, ?????????, ??????????, ??????, ????????????, ??????, ??????? ?????:, ??????????, ??????, ?????????, ????????, ???????, ???????????, ?????????, ?????????, ?????????, ????????, ???? ????
|
|
????????? ?????? ???? ????
|
|
???? ????? (
??????? ????????????
)
|
?????????
|
?.?.??. ???
-
?.?.??. ???
|
???????????
|
?.?.??. ???
|
?????????????
|
????
?????????
?????
?????????
???????????
?????
????
??????????????
???????????
???????????
|
???????
|
??????????
|
????? ???
|
???? ?????
|
??????
|
????????? ??????
|
????
|
?.?.??. ???
|
|
??????????
,
?????
|
??????
|
?.?.??. ???
(?? ????)
|
|
??????????
,
?????
|
????????????
|
?????? ????????
|
????????????
|
?????? ???? ?????
|
????
|
?????? ????????
|
??
|
??????? ?????
(????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????)
|
?????
|
????
(?????????? ??????)
????????
(??????? ???????)
????????
(????? ?????? ??????)
???????????
(?????????? ??????)
????????????
(???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????)
|
?????
|
???????
(?????????? ??????)
????
(??????? ???????)
?????
(????? ?????? ??????)
?????????
(?????????? ??????)
???????
|
????????
|
????? ???
|
????
|
????? ????
|
???? ?????
(
?.?.??. ???
- ??????
?.?.??. ???
) ?? ?????? ?????? ???
????? ??????????
????? ???? ????. ??????? ??????? ???????
?.?.??. ???
-
?.?.??. ???
??????? ????? ????. ???????
????????? ?????? ????
,
???? ????
???
???? ? ?????
????????? ????? ????. ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????. ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????
???????????
? ????
????
, ?????????
????
?? ??????????
?????????????
?????? ???????? ??????? ????.
?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????. ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???.
???????
????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ????. ?????? ???????? ‘????????? ??????’ ??? ???????, ????????? ?????? ?????? ‘?????????? ??????’. ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????? ???. ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????. ?????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????. ????
?????????
,
???????????
?????????
??????????
?? ??????????
????
?????? ????
?????
,
?????
????
,
???????????
???
??????????????
?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???? ??????. ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?????. ?????????? ????????? ?????????????
?????
????? ????, ?? ????????? ????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ??????. ????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????
?????
??????? ?? ??? ????, ? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????
??????????
?? ??????? ??????? ????. ???? ??????????????? ??? ??? ??????? ???.
?????????? ???????
???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??????????
????? ???????
??????? ???? ? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????
?????
????????? ???????? ??????? ????. ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????
????? ?????
???? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ????. ?????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ???. ?????? ????
????
,
??????
,
?????
, ????????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ???. ??????? ?????? ??????????? ? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????. ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ????. ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???. ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????. ???????
???????
?? ?????????,??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?????????? ??????? ????. ??????? ???? ?????? ??
????????
??????? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ?????, ???????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? '??????? ?????' ??? ??????? ???. ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????, ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????, ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ???.
?????? ????
?? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ??? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ????????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????.
????????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ? ???????????
?????
???????????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???
???? ?????????
???? ?????? ‘??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????’ ????? ??????? ??,
‘‘???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????,
?????????? ? ?????
,
?????? ????
, ?????????,
?????
,
???????
?????
????
????? ?????
????????
????????? ???? ??? ????; ??
???????????????
??????? ???? ???-??????????????? ??????. ?????? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ????; ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????. ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????. ???? ?? ??????????? ??????? ????; ?? ?????? ?????????????, ?????????? ?????
????????
??? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????. ??????????? ???????? ????? ?????, ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ???. ?????????,
?????
??? ????????? ???????
??????
????????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????, ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????. ????? ??????? ????? ???????, ?????? ????? ???, ?????????? ????????????, ????????? ???????????????? ????? ?????????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ????? ?? ?????????, ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????
???? ???????????
?????
???? ????????????
??????? ???? ????? ????.’’
????? ? ?????????? ????????
[
??????
]
???? ??
????????
?? ????? ?????????
?????
????.
????????
????? ???? ?????? ??????, ???????
?????
?? ?????? ?? ????. ???? ?? ????????????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ????? ????. ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????. ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????. ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????.
?????????? ????????
??????
??? ????
????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????, ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ????. ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????. ???? ??????? ????? ???? ? ????? ????. ???? ?????? ???????? ????. ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????. ??????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????, ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????. ????????? ???? ??? ???? ??????
????
??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????. ??????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ????
??????????
[
??????
]
???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????. ?????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????. ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????. ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????. ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????,
????????
????? ???????? ????????? ????????. ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????. (???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????.)
???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????, ?????? ??????? ??????????? ? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????, ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????????? ???????? ????? ????, ?? ?????? ?????. ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ????. ?? ????? ??????
???????
?? ???? ?????? ??? ????. ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????. ???????? ???? ???????????? ???? ?????? ????.
???????????? ?????
??????
????? ????? ???? ????, ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????????. ???? ???????? ???? ? ??? ????? ????? ????. ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????, ?? ??????? ???????? ???. ?????? ???????? ??????????
??????????
??????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????. ????? ?? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ????. ???? ??
??????
????? ??? ????????????? ????? ????. ?? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????. ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????? ???? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????.
?????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????. ?????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????. ?? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???, ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????. ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ? ????? ???????????? ????? ????. ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????. ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ????? ?????.
??? ????????????
?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????. ?? ????? ?????? ???-???? ????? ????? ? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????.
????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????????? ????? ?
????? ????????????
??????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ??????????-???????? ??????????, ??????? ??????????? ? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????. ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????????? ????? ???? ? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????. ??????? ???????????? ???????
?????????
??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ???.
??????? ?????
[
??????
]
??????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???. ???? ?? ???? ????????????? ???????? ???? ????. ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????. ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????. ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????
?????
????
????????
?
??????
???? ???? ??? ?????.
????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????. ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????. ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ????? ????????????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????, ?? ????????? ????. ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????. ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????. ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? ????. ????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????. ????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ????. ?????? ?? ???? ????? ? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????.
???????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ? ????????? ???????? ??? ????. ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????. ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????? ????. ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????. ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???. ?? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ? ??????? ???? ????? ? ?????? ????? ???? ????. ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???. ????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ????????????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????
????? ??????? ??????? ? ??????
[
??????
]
??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????, ? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???, ???????? ???????, ?????? ????, ??? ? ???????? ??????. ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??????, ? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???, ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????. ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????, ? ????? ???? ? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????. ??? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????????
?????
,
??????
, ?????, ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????. ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ?????????????? ????? ??????. ????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ????. ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????. ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????. ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ???????????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????
???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? (??????????? ??????????) ?? ????????? ??????. ?? ??????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???. ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? (??????????) ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ????? ???. ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????.
????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????. ??????? ?????
???????
? ?????
?????????
??????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????. ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????????????? ?????
?????????
? ????????? ???????? ????. ???????? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????. ????? ????????????
????? ????? ?????
???????? ???, ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????. ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????, ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ????, ??????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???. ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????. ???? ????????????????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ????, ????????????? ???????? ????? ??????. ???????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ???. ??????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ??????????? ???? ??????. ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????.
??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ? ??????????? ???? ??????? ????, ???????????? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???, ??? ??????. ??? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????. ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????. ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????, ??????, ???? ??????????????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????? ??? ????, ???????, ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ????, ??????? ????????? ??????. ??? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????.
????????? ???????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??????,
??? ?????????
???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????. ????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????????? ? ??????? ????????????? ??????
????? ????
????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ????. ???? ????? ???? ?????????, ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????. ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????. ???? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ??????
?????
,
????????????
??????? ???? ??? ????.
??????? ????? ? ???????
[
??????
]
??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ?????????????? ? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????. ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????. ??????????????????????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ????, ?????? ????????????? ????? ? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???. ?? ???? ????????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ? ??????????? ????? ???. ??????? ????????? "?????????? ??????" (?????????) ???? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???. ?????? ???? "??????? ????? ? ?????? ?????????" ??? ????. ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????, ???????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??????. ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ? ???????????? ? ????? ????????? ?????????? (???? ? ????? ???????) ?????? ?? ???. ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ????. ?? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????. ???? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ???. ??? ??????????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ? ????? ??????????????? ?????? ????? ???. ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ????. ??
????????????
???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ???. ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ????. ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???. ??????????????? ? ???????????????? ???? ????? ??????, ???, ????????? ?? ??? ???????????? ???? ???. ?? ????? ??????????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????. ????????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????????????? ??? ????? ?????, ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????.
[?]
?????? ?????
[
??????
]
?????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????. ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????, ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????. .
?????? ???????? ????????????? ??? ???? ????. ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??, ?? ????????????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???? ???? ????. ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ????. ????????? ????? ?????????? ??????.
?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ???
????? ????
????????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????. ?????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ???? .
- ????? (Mliltry Men) : ?,??,??? (??? ???)
- ????????? ????? (Horse Calvary) : ??,??? (??? ????)
- ??????? (Elephant Calvary) : ?,??? (?? ????)
- ????? ???? (Sea Boat) : ?,??? (??? ????)
- ?? ????? - ??,??? (??? ????)
?????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?????
[
??????
]
- ‘‘???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????,
?????????? ? ?????
,
??????
????, ?????????,
?????
,
???????
?????
????
????? ?????
????????
????????? ???? ??? ????; ??
???????????????
???? ???-??????????????? ??????. ?????? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ????; ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????. ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????. ???? ?? ??????????? ??????? ????; ?? ?????? ?????????????, ?????????? ?????
????????
??? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????. ??????????? ???????? ????? ?????, ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ???. ?????????,
?????
??? ????????? ???????
??????
????????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????, ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????. ????? ??????? ????? ???????, ?????? ????? ???, ?????????? ????????????, ????????? ???????????????? ????? ?????????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????????
?????
?? ?????????, ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????
???? ???????????
?????
???? ????????????
??????? ???? ????? ????.’’
?
???? ?????????
(????? - ‘??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????’)
- ?????????
???????? ??? ??? '?????' ????????????? ?????? ???, ?? ?????????????? ???, ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??? ???.
?
??. ????????? ???????
(
????? - ????????? ?? ?????
)
- “??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ‘??? ??????’, ‘??? ?????????’, ‘??? ?????????? ?????????’ ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???. ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????????? ????; ?? ?????? ????! ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???, ???? ????????.”
? ???.??. ?????
(????? - ??????? ?? ???????)
- “???????????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???; ?? ???? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????. ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???.”
? ??????? ???????????? ???.??. ?????
- “???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????, ??????? ????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??, ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????.”
? ???????? ?????
(?????- ? ?????????? ?? ??????)
- “?????? ???? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????, ??????? ????? ???????????????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????, ?? ????? ??????? ??????, ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????????, ????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????. ???????????? ??? ?????, ?????????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????, ?????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????, ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????. ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????; ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????????, ??????? ??????? ??????? ????. ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????????????? ??? ????? ??, ???? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??, ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ????, ?? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????. ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ????. ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????. ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????. ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???, ????????? ???????, ??????????, ?????????? ??????? ?????????????????, ????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???, ??? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??? ???????????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???, ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???. ????????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????. ???, ????? ??? ???? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????. ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????, ????????????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????; ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????.”
? ???. ??. ?????
(????? - ‘? ??????? ?? ???????’)
- “???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??, ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?????, ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???; ?? ???????????? ??????? ?????, ??? ?????????, ‘?????? ??? ???????’ ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????. ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????. ?????????????? ????, ????????? ??????????? ???-???????????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ???????????? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????. ????????? ???? ?????, ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????????, ??????? ??????????, ???????, ???????? ???, ????? ????????, ??????? ???? ??? ??????????? ???, ?? ?????????, ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????.”
? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???
(?????- ‘????? ?????? ?? ?????’)
- “?????? ???? ?? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????, ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ???????? ??????? ???? ????. ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ???????????? ???????? ????? ????? ????. ?? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????, ???????????, ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????, ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????? ????. ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????.”
? ??. ???????????
???? ?????
[
??????
]
????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????.
????? ???????
???? ????? ?? ?????? ????
??????? ?????????
?????? ‘???? ?????’ ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????. ? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?,??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???. ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????.
??????? ? ????????????
[
??????
]
?? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ????. ???
?????? ?????
?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????. ?? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???. ????????????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ???? ????.
?.?.???? ?????
?????
??
????????????
???????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??
??????
???.
???, ??????? ? ?????????????
- Jaishankar Prasad
composed
Ashoka ki Chinta
(
Ashoka's Anxiety
), a poem that portrays Ashoka’s feelings during the war on Kalinga.
- Ashok Kumar
is a 1941
????
film directed by Raja Chandrasekhar. The film stars
Chittor V. Nagaiah
as Ashoka.
- Uttar-Priyadarshi
(The Final Beatitude), a verse-play written by poet
Agyeya
depicting his redemption, was adapted to stage in 1996 by theatre director,
Ratan Thiyam
and has since been performed in many parts of the world.
[?]
[?]
- In 1973,
Amar Chitra Katha
released a graphic novel based on the life of Ashoka.
- In
Piers Anthony
’s series of
space opera
novels, the main character mentions Ashoka as a model for administrators to strive for.
- In 2002,
Mason Jennings
released the song "Emperor Ashoka" on his
Living in the Moment EP
. It is based on the life of Ashoka.
- In 2013, Christopher C. Doyle released his debut novel,
The Mahabharata Secret
, in which he wrote about Ashoka hiding a dangerous secret for the well-being of India.
- 2014's
The Emperor's Riddles
, a fiction mystery thriller novel by Satyarth Nayak, traces the evolution of Ashoka and his esoteric legend of the Nine Unknown Men.
- The Legend of Kunal
is an upcoming film based on the life of
Kunal
, the son of Ashoka. The movie will be directed by
Chandraprakash Dwivedi
. The role of Ashoka is to be played by
?????? ?????
, and the role of Kunal is played by
Arjun Rampal
.
[?]
- Bharatvarsh (TV Series)
is an Indian television historical documentary series, hosted by actor-director
Anupam Kher
on Hindi news channel
ABP News
.
[?]
The series stars
Aham Sharma
as Ashoka.
?????????? ???????? ???????
[
??????
]
- Asoka ? ????????, ????
- Asoka ? ????????? ???????
- Asoka and His Inscriptions ? ???? ????
- Asoka and the Decline of the Maurya ?
?????? ????
- Asoka Maurya ? ??. ??. ?????, ????
- Asokan Sites and Artefacts : a Source-book with Bibliography ? ???? ?????
- Asoka: The Buddhist Emperor of India ?
Vincent A. Smith
- Ashoka text and glossary ? ???????? ??????, ????
- Ashoka the Great ? ??.??. ????, ????
- Ashoka, The Great ? ??.??. ?????????
- Asoka the Great ? ?????? ???????
- Discovery of the Exact Site of Asoka's Classic Capital of Pataliputra ? ??.?. ?????, ????
- Early India and Pakistan: to Ashoka ? Brigadier Sir
Robert Eric Mortimer Wheeler
, ????
- King A?oka and Buddhism Historical And Literaray Studies ? ??????? ??????????
- The Legend of King Asoka ? ??? ????????, ????
- To Uphold the World: The Message of Ashoka and Kautilya for the 21st Century ? ????? ???, ????
- Asoka's Edicts ? ?. ??. ???, ????
- Ashoka : Lion of Maurya ? Ashok K. Banker
- Ashoka The Great ? Wytze Keuning
- Ashoka ? Natasha Dharma
- Ashoka : The Search for Indian's Lost Emperor ? Charles Allen
- Ashoka : In History and Historical Memory ? Patrick Olivelle
- Edicts of King Ashoka : New Vision ? Meena Talim
- Ashoka : The King and the Man ? Kiran Kumar Thaplyai
- Ashoka : The Great and Compassionate King ? Subhadra Sen Gupta
- Ashoka In Ancient India ? Nayanjot Lahiri
- Ashoka : and the Decline of the Mauryas ? Romila Thapar
Ashoka and Buddhism M P Singh
- ???? ?? ????? (?????)? ??? ??????
- ?????? ???? (????) ? ??? ?????? ??????
- ??????? ?????? ???? ? ??. ??. ???????
- ????????? ?????? ???? ? ????????? ???????
- ???? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ??????
- ?????? ???? ? ??. ??. ???????
- ???? ?????? ???? ? ????? ???????
- ???? ? ??????????? ??????
- ?????? ???? ? ????
- ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ? ????????? ????
- ???? - ????????? ????????? ????????? ??? (??? ??????? ???? - ??????? ???; ????? ?????? - ??. ????? ??????)
- ???? ???? ????????????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?
??.??. ????
, ????
- ????????? (
????? ???????
)
- ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?
???? ?????????
- ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ? (??????????, ?????? ???????)
- ????????? ?????? ???? ? ????????? ???????
- ?????? ???? (?????-?????, ??????????, ???? ??)
- ?????? ???? : ????? ??? ?????? (????? ?????)
- ?????? ???? (???? ?????)
- ???? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ??. ????, ???? ???????????, ????
- ?????? ???? (???? ???)
- ?????? ???? ? ?????? ????????
- ?????? ???? ?????? ?
??.??. ????
, ???.??. ???????, ????
- ?????? ???? ?????? ?
??.??. ????
, ??????? ???????, ????
???????? ???
[
??????
]
????? ????
[
??????
]
?????? ????
????? ???
????:
??? ????????????
??????:
??? ????????????
|
?????
????????
|
????? ?????
??? ???????????????? ????????????
|
?????
????
|