???

??????????, ?????? ????????????
Photo of pieces of natural rubber in a glass jar.
??????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ?????.
??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???, ???????
?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????

??? , ?????? ?????? ??? , ??????? , ????????? ??? , ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????, ?????????? ???????? ????????????? , ??? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????. ?????? , ??????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????. [?] [?] [?]

???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????. ?????, ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ( ???????? ??????????????? ) ????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ????. ??????? ?? ????, ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? "??????" ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????????????? ???? ???? ???? ????. ??????? ???? ?????????? ????????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????. ?????? ?????, ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???. ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????.

???????? ????? ???? ???? ??????????? ??? ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????, ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?????????. ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????, ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????-????? ????? ???. ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????????????? ????? ??? ?????, ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????.

?????? [ ?????? ]

  1. ^ Sirimaporn Leepromrath, et al. "Rubber crop diversity and its influential factors in Thailand." Journal of Rubber Research 24.3 (2021): 461-473.
  2. ^ Muhammad Fadzli Ali, et al., "The dynamics of rubber production in Malaysia: Potential impacts, challenges and proposed interventions." Forest Policy and Economics 127 (2021): 102449.
  3. ^ Fadhlan Zuhdi, "The Indonesian natural rubber export competitiveness in global market." International Journal of Agriculture System 8.2 (2021): 130-139 online .