??????? ??????????????

??????????, ?????? ????????????
?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????, ?.?. ????. ???????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????.
Movimiento de independencia indio (es); Indian independence movement (en-gb); ? ??? ? ??????? ?????? (ps); Индийско движение за независимост (bg); mi?carea pentru independen?a Indiei (ro); ????? ????? ??? (ur); Indiens sjalvstandighetsrorelse (sv); Рух за незалежн?сть ?нд?? (uk); 印度獨立運動 (zh-hant); 印度 獨立運動 (ko); ????? ????????? ??????? (as); movado por hinda sendependeco (eo); Indicke hnuti za nezavislost (cs); ???? ?? ?????? ? ????? (bho); ?????? ????????? ??????? (bn); Mouvement pour l'independance de l'Inde (fr); Indijski pokret za nezavisnost (hr); ?????????? ???????????? (dv); ?????? ?????????????? (mr); Phong trao đ?c l?p ?n đ? (vi); Indijski pokret za nezavisnost (sr); Movimento de independencia da India (pt-br); In-t?? to?k-li?p ?n-t?ng (nan); Den indiske selvstyrekamp (nb); India vabahusliikmino (vro); ????? ??????????? ?????? (kn); Indian independence movement (en); ???? ????????? ??????? (ar); 印度獨立運動 (yue); Indiai fuggetlensegi mozgalom (hu); ?????? ??????????? ??????? (gu); Indiako mugimendu independentista (eu); Movimientu d'independencia indiu (ast); Moviment d'independencia de l'India (ca); ?инд милли-азатлы? х?р?к?те (ba); ?????? ??????????? ??????? (mai); ???? ??????? ??? (fa); 印度?立?? (zh); Indiens uafhængighedsbevægelse (da); ?????? ??????????? ??????? (ne); インド?立運動 (ja); ????? ??????? ?????? (he); ??????? ????????????????????? (sa); ?????? ??????????? ??????? (hi); ???? ????????????????? (te); ???? ?? ?????? ?????? (pa); Indian independence movement (en-ca); ?????? ??????? ??????? (ta); Movimento d'indipendenza indiano (it); ?ндыйск? нацыянальна-вызвольны рух (be-tarask); Den indiske frigjeringsrørsla (nn); 印度?立?? (zh-hans); Movimento de independencia da India (pt); Intian itsenaisyysliike (fi); ?????? ??????????? ??????? (anp); ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? (si); ?????? ??????????? ??????? (new); indijsko gibanje za neodvisnost (sl); ?????? ??????????? ??????? (or); ????????? ???????? ??????? (sat); 印度獨立運動 (zh-hk); ???????????????????? (th); Indische Unabhangigkeitsbewegung (de); ?????????? ???????????????? (ml); Indiaase onafhankelijkheids beweging (nl); Индийское национально-освободительное движение (ru); gerakan kemerdekaan India (id); Hindistan Ba?ımsızlık Hareketi (tr); ?????????? ???????-??????????? ??????? (hy); Movemento de independencia da India (gl); ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? (pnb); Κ?νημα για την ανεξαρτησ?α τη? Ινδ?α? (el); ???????? ???????-?????????????????? ???????? (ka) ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? (bn); mouvement social et politique visant a la fin de la domination britannique en Inde (fr); пал?тычны рух (be-tarask); широкий спектр политических движений, основной целью которого была независимость Индии (ru); ???????????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? (???? - ????) (mr); movimento para acabar com o dominio britanico sobre a India de 1857?1947 (pt); dru?beno in politi?no gibanje za odpravo britanske vladavine v Indiji (1857?1947) (sl); gerakan nasional India yang berusaha mengakhiri kekuasaan Britania (1857-1947) (id); ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????????? ???? ???? (or); ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? (1857-1947) (he); ?????????? ?????????????????? ????? ???? (ml); ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????????????? ?????? ????? indian freedom struggle in kannada (kn); ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ???? ???????? ??????? (1857-1947) (hi); ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?????? (te); poliittinen liike Brittilaisessa Intiassa 1800- ja 1900-luvuilla (fi); ????? ????????? ???????? ?????---: (as); Indian national movement seeking to end British rule (1857-1947) (en); politicke hnuti (cs); ?????? ????????? ????????? (ta) ??????? ????????? ???????, ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? (bn); Mouvement pour l'independance de l'Inde, Mouvement d'independance indien (fr); рух за незалежнасьць ?нды? (be-tarask); Independence of India (dv); Moviment independentista de l'India, Moviment independentista indi, Moviment d'independencia indi (ca); ?????? ??????????? ???????, ?????? ????????? ???????, ?????? ????????? ???????, ??????????? ??????? (or); ???? ??????? ???????? (fa); 印度獨立 (zh); indijsko gibanje za svobodo, indjski boj za neodvisnost, indijska revolucija, indijsko nacionalno gibanje (sl); Незалежн?сть ?нд?? (uk); Indiens historia: Sjalvstandighetsrorelsen (sv); Indian Independence Movement, ??????? ???????????? ????, ??????? ????????????????, ??????? ???????????? ??? ????????? (ml); ??????? ????? ?? ?????? (si); Движение за освобождение Индии (ru); Movemento independentista da India, Movemento independentista indio, Movemento de independencia indio (gl); ?????? ?????????? ???????, ?????? ????????? ??????, ?????? ????????? ???????, ?????? ??????????? ???????, ?????????? ??????, ??????????? ???????, ????????? ??????, ?????? ?????????? ???????, ???? ?? ???????????, ?????? ??????????, ???? ?? ?????????, ???? ?? ??????????, ???? ?? ??????, ?????? ??????????? ??????? (hi); ????? ??????????? ?????, ???? ????????? ???????, ?????? ??????????? ??????, ????? ??????????? ???????, ????? ???????????, ????? ????????? ?????, ???? ??????????? ??????, ?????? ??????????? ?????? (kn); ???????????????, ???? ??????????? ????, ???? ??????????? ??????, ???? ??????????? ???????, ???? ??????????? ????????, ???? ??????????? ??????, ???? ????????????????, ???? ?????????????????? (te); India's Freedom Struggle, Indian Independence Movement, Indian freedom movement, Indian National Movement, India's Independence Movement, Indian Revolution, Indian independence struggle (en); ?????? ????????? ??????? (ne); Indisk selvstyrekamp (nb); ?????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????? ????????? ?????????, ?????? ???????? ???????, ?????? ????????? ???? (ta)
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??????? ?????? ???
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?????? independentism
????? ????
???
???? ??? ?.?. ????
???? ????? ??, ?.?. ???? (independence of India)
?????? ????????
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?????? ??????????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????, ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????. ?? ?????????????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????. [?]

?????? ???????????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ????. ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????. ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ????. ?? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??? ??? ???, ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????. [?]

??????? ????

???????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ????. ?????????? ????? , ?????????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????. ?? ??????? ????? , ????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????????????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????. ????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ????. [?]

?? ???? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????. ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????. ?? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????. ?? ?????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ????. ????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????. ??????? , ?????? ??????? , ?????? ???? , ????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ????. ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????. ????????? ??????? , ??????? , ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????.

??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? (????)

?????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????. ????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????????? , ??????? , ??????????? ??? ?????-??????????????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????????, ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ????. ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????????. ??????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????, ???? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????????? ???????? ????.

?? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ????. ???? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????; ???????? ?? ????????????? ???????????? ????. ?? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????. [?]

???????? ??????????? [ ?????? ]

????????? ????? ??????- ?- ???? ?? ?.?.???? ???? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ???. [?] ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ?? , ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????. ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ????. ???? ???? ?.?. ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????. ????????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????. ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????. ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ???. ???????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????. [?] ?.?. ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????. [?] ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????.

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??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? [ ?????? ]

?.?. ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????. [??] ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????. ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????. [??] ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????. ?? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????. [??]

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??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????. ?????? ????????? , ???? ?????? , ?????????? ????? , ????? ???????? , ???? ??????? , ????? ???? ???, ?????????? ??????? , ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???. ???-???-??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???????, ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????????????? ???? ?????. [??] ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ???????, [??] ?????????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ???????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ????.????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ????. ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???.

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????????? [ ?????? ]

??????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????. ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????.

??????? ??????????????????? [ ?????? ]

???????? ??????? ???????????

?.?.???? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????. ???? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ????. [??] ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????????. [??] ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????. ???????? [??] ????????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????. ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ??????.

????????? [ ?????? ]

  • तात्या टोपे
    ?????? ????
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    ?????? ???? ??????????
  • बाळ गंगाधर टिळक
    ??? ?????? ????
  • दांडीचा मिठाचा सत्याग्रह
    ??????? ?????? ?????????
  • विनायक दामोदर सावरकर
    ?????? ?????? ??????

?????? [ ?????? ]

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  2. ^ Zakaria, Anam. "Remembering the war of 1971 in East Pakistan" . www.aljazeera.com (??????? ?????) . 2022-08-12 ???? ?????? .
  3. ^ Jammanna, Akepogu; Sudhakar, Pasala (14 December 2016). Dalits' Struggle for Social Justice in Andhra Pradesh (1956-2008): From Relays to Vacuum Tubes (??????? ?????). Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN   978-1-4438-4496-3 .
  4. ^ Zakaria, Anam. "Remembering the war of 1971 in East Pakistan" . Al Jazeera . 2020-05-18 ???? ?????? .
  5. ^ Landau, Jennifer (2016-07-15). Vasco da Gama: First European to Reach India by Sea (??????? ?????). The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. ISBN   9781499438062 .
  6. ^ Bayly, C. A.; Bayly, Christopher Alan (1987). Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire (??????? ?????). Cambridge University Press. ISBN   9780521386500 .
  7. ^ Peers, Douglas M.; Gooptu, Nandini (2017-02-09). India and the British Empire (??????? ?????). Oxford University Press. ISBN   9780192513526 .
  8. ^ Devsare, Dr Hari Krishna (2017-11-09). 1857 ??????????? ?? ??????? - 1857 swatantrata ka mahasangram (????? ?????). Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd. ISBN   9789352786701 .
  9. ^ Group, SSGC (2017-10-18). Monthly Current Affairs September-October 2017: Monthly Current Affairs September-October 2017 (????? ?????).
  10. ^ D.C.Dinkar (2008). Svatantrat? sa?gr?ma me? ach?to? k? yogad?na (????? ?????). Gautam Book Center. ISBN   9788187733720 .
  11. ^ Shaktawat, Dr Surendra (2021-10-10). 1857 Ki Kranti Aur Neemuch: Bestseller Book by Dr. Surendra Shaktawat: 1857 Ki Kranti Aur Neemuch (????? ?????). Prabhat Prakashan. ISBN   978-93-87980-98-3 .
  12. ^ Fraser, Bashabi (2021-10-05). Bengal Partition Stories: An Unclosed Chapter (??????? ?????). Anthem Press. ISBN   978-1-84331-357-1 .
  13. ^ Ghosha, Nityapri?a (2005). Partition of Bengal: Significant Signposts, 1905-1911 (??????? ?????). Sahitya Samsad. ISBN   9788179550656 .
  14. ^ Series-12 Indian National Movement & Constitutional Development (????? ?????). Pratiyogita Darpan.
  15. ^ Sharma, Mahesh (2021-01-01). BIPIN CHANDRA PAL: Famous Book by Mahesh Sharma: BIPIN CHANDRA PAL (????? ?????). Prabhat Prakashan. ISBN   978-93-86870-38-4 .
  16. ^ Pagdi, Gayatri (2019-05-25). Lokmanya Tilak: The First National Leader (??????? ?????). Harper Collins. ISBN   978-93-5302-696-7 .
  17. ^ Pradhan, Ram Chandra. Raj se Swaraj (????? ?????). Prabhat Prakashan. ISBN   9789352664337 .
  18. ^ Gonsalves, Peter (2018-07-30). Vastradware Swatantrayaprapti: Gandhipraneet Swadeshi Krantimadheel Aavahanachi Meemansa . SAGE Publishing India. ISBN   9789352807840 .
  19. ^ Ke?akara, Bh? Kr? (1981). Ti?aka vic?ra . ?r?vidy? Prak??ana.
  20. ^ Bose, Madhuri (2017-04-17). Bose Bandhu aani Bhartiya Swatantrya: Marmbandhatalya Aathvadi (??????? ?????). SAGE Publishing India. ISBN   9789386042620 .
  21. ^ Yamini, Rachna Bhola. Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak (????? ?????). Prabhat Prakashan. ISBN   9789350484166 .
  22. ^ Bose, Madhuri (2017-04-17). Bose Bandhu aani Bhartiya Swatantrya: Marmbandhatalya Aathvadi (??????? ?????). SAGE Publishing India. ISBN   9789386042620 .
  23. ^ Patoriya (2008). Pachaas Krantikari (????? ?????). Rajpal & Sons. ISBN   978-81-7028-746-9 .
  24. ^ Joshi, Mrinalini (2021-01-19). Inquilab: Bestseller Book by Mrinalini Joshi: Inquilab (????? ?????). Prabhat Prakashan. ISBN   978-93-86231-85-7 .
  25. ^ Kumar, Dinkar (2014-01-01). Azad Hind Fauz (????? ?????). Prabhat Prakashan. ISBN   9789384343064 .
  26. ^ Parvate, Trimbak Vishnu (1985). G?ndh?-parva . Mah?r?sh?ra R?jya S?hitya Saskr?t? Ma??a?a.
  27. ^ MODY, NAWAZ B. (2008-05-01). BHARTIYA SWATANTRYA LADHYATIL STRIYA . Mehta Publishing House. ISBN   9788177663600 .
  28. ^ Shah, Amritlal B. (1963). ??str?ya vic?rapaddhati . Sam?ja Prabodhana Sa?sth?.
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