????? ??????

??????????, ?????? ????????????
?????? ???? ??? ????????????-?????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????, ????????? ????.
????? ????
????????
??????
???????? ? ?????
????? ???????
????
???????
????????
???????? ????? ????

????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ‘??????’ (‘??????’) ??? ???? ?????? ????. ???????? ?????? ???? ‘?????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????’, ??? ???. ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ?? ????????????? ?? ????. [?]

????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????????? ???????? ??? ????. ????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ????, ???????, ???? ? ???? ???????????? ???.

  1. ????? ????? ?????? ? ?.?.??. ??? , ?????? ( ?????? ).
  2. ????? ????? ?????? ? ?.?.??. ??? , ?????? .
  3. ????? ????? ?????? ? ?.?.??. ??? , ?????????? .
  4. ???? ????? ?????? ? [[, [??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????,?????????? ????????????? ????]] ?????.
  5. ????? ????? ?????? ? ?.?. ?? , ?????? , ??????? . (?????? ????? ?????? ? ?.?. ???? )
  6. ????? ????? ?????? ? ?.?. ??? , ?????? .(?????? ????? ?????? ? ?.?. ???? , ????? )

????? ????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

????? ???: ????? ????? ??????

????? ???????????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????. [?] ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? (???? ?????? ) ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ????. ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????. ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???. ????????? ????? (?????) ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? (????) ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????. ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????. ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????. ???? ??????????? ???, ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ????. ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????- ???? ?????? ???? ????????- ???? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????.


?? ?????? ??? [ ?????? ]

????? ???? [ ?????? ]

?????? ??? ????? [ ?????? ]

  1. ^ ????? ??????
  2. ^ Prebish, Charles S. (2008), " Cooking the Buddhist Books: The Implications of the New Dating of the Buddha for the History of Early Indian Buddhism " (PDF), Journal of Buddhist Ethics 15, 1?21
" https://mr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=?????_??????&oldid=2344804 " ????? ??????