?????????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??? ????????????? ???. ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???. ????, ???, ??? ????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ????, ?????????, ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????. ????????????? ??????? ?? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ???. ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????. ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????.

????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???? ????????????? ????? ?????. ??? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????. ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???????????? ??? ???? ???. ?????????? ????????????? (?? ???? ????????????) ???????????? ???????? ‘??????????????????? ????????? ?????’ ?? ?????? ????? ????. ????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????? (?????) ???????? ?????? ????. ????????? ?? ???? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????. ‘????????????’ ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ??? ????. ‘??????? ?????????’ ????????? ?? ???? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ???? ????. ??? ???? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????. ??????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ‘?????????? ??????? ?????’ ?? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ???. ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????. ??????????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???. ??? ‘??????? ?????’ ??? ?????? ????. ????? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ??? ???. ??????? ????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ????-???? ?? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???. ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????. ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???. ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????. ???????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ???. ^[?]

?????????

?????? | ?????????

?? ????? | ? - ?? ???.

?????? | ? - ? ?????.

?????? |. ?? - ?? ?????.

?????? |. ?? ?????.

????? | ?? - ?? ????? .

???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? :-

????? ????? (Falcon) = ??? ??.?? ????? ???.

?????? = ??? ??.?? ????? ???.

?????? ??? = ??-?? ??.?? ????? ???.

??? = ?? ??.?? ????? ???.

??? = ?? ??.?? ????? ???.

????? = ?? ??.?? ????? ???.

????? = ?? ??.?? ????? ???.

???? = ?.?? ??.?? ????? ???.

??????? (Snail) = ?.?? ??.?? ????? ???.

??????????? (??????? ??????) [ ?????? ]

?.?.???? ????? ????? ??. ?????? ?? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ????. ?? ???? ?????? ‘? ?????? ????? ?? ??????’ ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??????. ?????? ??? ??????????, ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????. ???? ??????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ??????????????? ????? ?? ??????????????? ???? ????. ???????? ‘????? ????????????-???????? ???????’ ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????. ?? ????????? ?????? ?. ??????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ????. ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????. ?? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ???. ??????? ?????????-??????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???. ^[?]

???????? [ ?????? ]

????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????. ??????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????, ??? ????????? ???????? (???????????? ????????). ??????????????????? ??????????????? “ ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???????, ????????? ??????? ??? ????????????? ???????. ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????? (?) ???????? ???????, (?) ????????????? ??????? ??? (?) ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????????.

???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????.

???????????? ??????? [ ?????? ]

?????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????. ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????. ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ????. ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????, ???????? ??????? ??????, ?????????????????? ????, ??????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ????. ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ???????????????(?) ?????????? ???????? '????????' ??? ???????.

???????????????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ?????. ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??,??? ???? ????. ??????????????? ????????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????. ????????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???.

??????????? ??????? [ ?????? ]

?????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????? ???? ????. ????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?? ???????? ????. ???????????? ???????? ???????????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????. ?? ???????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???????. ???????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????. ?? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???. ??????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???.

?????????? ?????? ??????? (????????) [ ?????? ]

?????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? "??? ?????" ??????? ?? ?????? ??. ????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????. ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????. ?????? ?????????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ????. ?????????????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???.
??????????? ???????? ???????-?? ?? ????????? ?? ???. ?? ???????? ??,??? ?????????? ???????, ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ????. ????? ??????????? ???? ??? ????, ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????. ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????, ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ????????? ???. ?????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????. ?????????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????. ?????????????? ????? ??????? ??,??,??? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???. ?? ???????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????, ?? ????? ????????? ??????, ?? ????? ???????? ??????, ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ????. ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????. ?????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? (??? ???).
?????????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???.

?????????? ????? (??????????) [ ?????? ]

?? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ???. ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ????. ??? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????, ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????. ?????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ??? ????. ?? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???. ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????. ????? ?? ???? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???????? ????. ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ????. ?? ????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ??? ????. ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ????. ??????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ????. ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??% ??? ????? ???. ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????-???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ????.(?? ????? ???????? ???? ????). ?? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????. ?????? ???-??? ???? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ??????. ???? ????????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ????. ??????????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ????????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???. ???? ??????????????? ????????????? ??? ???? ???????????????? ??? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ??? ?????. ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????. ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??????????? ???????. ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???. ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? “??????”?? (?????????? ?????????) ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????.

?????? ???? ?????? [ ?????? ]

???????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? "???? ???? ??????" ????. ???. ??? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????. ????-??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????. ????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?????. ??? ?????????????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ??% ?????????????? ????????? ?????. ????? ??????????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????? ????????.
????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? (??????????) ??????? ?????. ??????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???????? (????????? ??????) ????. ????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????. ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????. ?????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ???. ??????????????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????.
????????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????????????? ???? ??? ???. ??? ??????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???. ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? “??????” ??? ???. ???????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??,??? ??????????? ??????? ????. ?.?.??. ??,??? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????. ??????????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????. ????? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???.

???????????? ?????? ???? [ ?????? ]

?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????. ???????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????.

???? [ ?????? ]

????????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ???? ????.

• ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ????. ????? ??? ????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????. ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????. ???? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????. ?? ????????? ?????? ??? Phytophthora infestans ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????.
• ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ‘ ???? ?????? ????? ???????’ ?? ???????? ???? ????. ??? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ????. ???????????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???. ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????. ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??????????, ??????????, ???, ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ???.
• ????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????. ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ????. ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????.

????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???. ???? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????.
????? ????????? ?????? ??% ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????.?? ???????? ??,??? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ????. ??????? ??????, ????, ???, ????, ??? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ????. ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ???. ???? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???.

????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ???? ??? ???. ?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ???. ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????? ??. ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????, ?????? ???????? ??????, ???? ???????????? ??, ???? ???????????? ??? ??? ??? ?????. ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ???????: ????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????. ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????????? ???????? ??? ????. ????? ???? ????? ??? ? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ????. ???? ????, ?????? ???? ??? ???????????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???. ????? ???? ???????, ???? ????, ???????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???.
???????? ????? ????? ??? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???. ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ????. ???? ???? ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ??% ????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???.
???????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????, ?????????? ????, ?????? ??????? , ??????? ???????? , ??????? ??? ?????? ??????. ?????????????? ??? ????????, ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???. ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??% ????????? ??????? , ?????? ????? ??????, ???? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???. ?????? ??% ????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???. ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???. ???????????? ????? ?????????????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ‘?????????’ ????? ????????? ???? ???? ???. ???????? ??? ???????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ???? ????. ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???. ????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ???.

???????? ???? [ ?????? ]

???? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????. ???, ????, ???, ??? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????. ?????????? ????, ??????, ?????, ????, ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ???. ???????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????.

???, ???????? ??? ????????????? [ ?????? ]

?????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????????, ???????? ????????, ??????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????. ???????? ?????? ??????, ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ????. ???? ??????????? ???? ????????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ???. ????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????. ??????????? ??? ????,??????,???, ??????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???.
?????????????? ???? ????????, ????????, ??????, ???? ??? ???????????? ????????????? ????? ???. ???? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ???. ??????????????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????. ?????????, ????, ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????.
????????? ???????? ??????? ?????, ??????, ???? ??????? ??????, ?????? ??????????, ????????????????, ??????????, ??? ???? ????????????? ??? ??????????????? ???. ??????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????. ????????????? ??????? ?????? ???????, ??????? ??????, ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ?????, ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???. ?? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????. ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????, ????????, ?????? ???????? ????????????? ?? ?????????? ??? ???? ???. ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???.

???????? ???? [ ?????? ]

?????????????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????. ?? ???? ????????? ???? ????????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????. ??????? ??????? ??????, ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????, ????? ????????? ????? ???. ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????. ???????? ???????? ????, ????? ???? ???? ????, ??? ???? ????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???. ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????.??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?????. ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???.

???? ??????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? (?????) ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???.

• ? ?? ???? ????
• ????? ?? ? ???? ??????
• ?? ??? ????
• ?? ??? ???????
• ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????. ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???. ????-????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ‘????’ ?? ????????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????.

??????? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ???. ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???.

???? ????????? ??? [ ?????? ]

?????? ????? ?????????????? ?? ?????????????? ?????? ???. ????????? ????? ????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ??% ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????. ?????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ????. ?? ????????? ??? ????? ?,??,??? ???? ???? ?????? ???. ?? ???? ????????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ???. ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????????? ???? ???? ???.

??????????? ?????? ???? [ ?????? ]

?????? ?????? ????, ????????, ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????, ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????????????? ????? ???? ???. ?????? ? ?????? ???? ?????????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???. ??????? ????????????(?????? ???), ?????????? ???????(????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????), ?????? ????? ??????????(????? ??????????? ???) ??? ????? ????????????(???? ?????????? ???????? ???) ??? ???? ???. “ ????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?? ????”(????????) ?? ????????????? ??????????? ?? ???? ???????????? ????????? ???? ????.

?????? ??? [ ?????? ]

?????????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????. ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????????, ????????? ???, ????????? ?????????? ??????, ??? ???????, ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????. ????????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????. ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ? ?????????????? ???????? ???????? ????-??????????? ?????????? ????. ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ??????. ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????. ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????. ???? ?????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????. ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???. ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???. ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ??????????? ??? ???? ????? ????. ????? ????????????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????. ???????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????. ??? ?????? ????????????????? ????. ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ????.

?????????? ????? ????? [ ?????? ]

???????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????

?????? ??? ????? [ ?????? ]

1. ^ Gaston, K. J. (2000-05-11). "Global patterns in biodiversity" . Nature . 405 (6783): 220?227. doi : 10.1038/35012228 . ISSN   0028-0836 . PMID   10821282 .
2. ^ Dasmann, Raymond Fredric (1968). A Different Kind of Country (??????? ?????). Collier Books.