????????????????? ?? ?? ?????? ???. ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????. ^[?] ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????????????  ???? ?????? ?????. ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?????. ?????????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????????? ??? ?????? ????. ??????? ??????????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ( ?????? ) ???? ????. ^[?] ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ????. ????????????? ???????????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????? ???. ???????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????, ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?????????? (????????????) ????????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???. ^[?] ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????????? (???? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????) ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????, ????? ??? ??? ????? ????, ??????? ???????, ?????????, ?????, ??????? ( ???? ????????????????? ???????? ??????) ??? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ????????????.

????????????, ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ??? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????????? ???? ???????? ???? ???, ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????, ?????, ????????, ?????, ???????, ????????? ??? ????????. ^[?]

??????????? ???????? ????????, ??????????????????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ????. ???????? (???????? ????? ????????)???? ?????????????, ???????? ?????????? "?????????? ?????" ???? ????. ??????????? ???????? ???????????, ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????. ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????. ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ???? ????. ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????, ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? (?? ???????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????) ???????? ??? ???? ???? ????, "???????????????" ???? ?????? ???? ?????. ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? (??? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????) ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? (??????????) ???? ????, ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????. ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ???? ???? ??? ????? (????????) ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????. ???????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ????????? ????.

???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ????. ???????? ????????, ???????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ????, ???????? ?????????????? ?? ?????. ^[?]

???????? ????????????????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ????. ^[?] ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????. ^[?]

?? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????? - ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? - ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ??? ???? ????. ^[?] ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????-?????? ????????????? (?????????) ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????. ^[?] ??????? ????? "????? ?????" ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????. ^[??] ???????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????. ^[??]

???? ??? ????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ?? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????. ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???. ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????? ???????????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????. ???? ?????, ?????????????????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????. ^[??]

20 ???? ???????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ????.

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???????????? ??? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????????? ??????? ????? ??????. ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ?????. ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ????: ?????????, ???????? ???, ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ??? ????????? ?.

??????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????, ?????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ??? ???????????????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????? ?? ???? ???. ??? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????, ????? ?? ????????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? 20 ???? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ?? ???? ???? ????. ???????? ????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ??? ????, ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ????????, ??????????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ??? ????, ?? 1920 ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????. ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?? 20 ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????. ^[??]

?????????? :

??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????, ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????. ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ????, ????????? ??? ????????? ???????????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???.

???????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????, ?????? "??? ??????" ?????? ????, ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????????????? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????. ^[??] ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????, ????? ???????? ?????? ????:

?????????? ????????? ????????? (??????) ???????????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???, ?????? ???? ?????? ????????????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???????????????? ?????? ????????????????? ????? ???? ????. ???????? ??????????????? ????? ??? ??? - ????????? ??? ?????? - ???????? 1 ?? ??? 13 ?? ??????-????????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????????? ?????????? ????.

?????? ????????: ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????. ???? ??? ???????????????? ????? ???.

??? ???????????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ????. ????-?????????? ??? ???????????????? ????????: ????????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ????. ?????????? ????? ??? ???????????????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????, ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????? "??? ?????" ????? ????.

?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????? ??? ????. ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????.

????????? ????????????????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????????? ????????????????, ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? / ???????? ???????????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ???????????? ????.

???????:

???????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ????????: ????????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????. ?????????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ?????, ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????. ???????? ?????????????? ???, ????????, ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???.

?????? ??? ??????? ???????:

???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????. ?????, ?????? ?????? ????????: ??????? ??? ?????, ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????. ?????????? ?????, ?????? (??. ??.) ??? ??????? ????? (??. ??.) ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????. ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ???? ???????? ??????, ??????? ????? ??????? ??????. ????-???????????????, ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??????. ???????? ?????? 300 ?????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????, ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????.

???????????:

????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ?????; ??????? ?? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????. ???????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????????, ??????? ??? ????????????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ????. ??????, ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ????????. ??????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????.

?? ?????? ???????:

?????? ???????????? ????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ???. ??????????????????, ??????? ?????? (????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???) ??? ?????????-??????? (???. ???-????? ????????) ??????? ?????? ?????-???????? ??? ?????????-????????. ???????? ??????????, ??? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ????.

??????:

???????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ????, ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ????? ?????????????, ????? ??????????. IUPAC ???? ????????????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????. ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????. ?? ??? ??? ???? ????, ?????? ?????????? ??????, ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????. ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????, ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????. ??? ???????, IUPAC???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????. ???????? ?????? ????????????, ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???. ??? ??????? ??????? ???????????????, ??????????? ??? ???? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????.

????????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????????????? ???? ??? ?????? ???. ??????????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????. ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ????, ????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???. ??????????, ??????????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ??? ???? ???? (6aR,9R)-N,N-diethyl-7-methyl-4,6,6a,7,8,9-hexahydroindolo-[4,3-fg] quinoline-9-carboxamide. ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????, ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????. SMILES ??? InChI ??? ???????? ?????? ????.

???????? ???????? :

???????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????????, ????????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ???? ????. ????-??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???. ?? ????????????, ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ????. ^[??]

?????? :

1880 ?????? ??????? ???? .??? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ????. ????????????? ??????????? "???? ?? ???? ????????" (????? ????????) ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???????????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????. ?????? 1892 ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????. ^[??]

???????? ????????? ????????:

?????????? ?????? ?? :

??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???. ?? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???, ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ????. ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????. ??????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???? ????. ?????????? : ????????, ?????????????? C-O-H ??? (?????? hydroxide). ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????, ????????: ????? ???? ????? ??? ????????: ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????. ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ( C??? H ?????????? ???) ?????. ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????, ?????????? :????????, ????????????? ????????, ??????? ????????????. ^[??]

?????????? ??????

????? ???: ?????????? ???????

?????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????:

???????? (???????): ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????????????, ?????? ???? C-C, C-H ??? ????

???????? (??????): ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????????????, ??????? ???-?????? (??????) ????? ????-??????.

???????? (????????): ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????????????.

??????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ????. ??? ?????? "???????-?????", ???????-??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????. ??????????? ???? ?????????? ???????????????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ????.

?????? ??????? (????????????) ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????. ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????, ????? ?????? ?????? (???????????) ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???-????? ?????? ?????????????? (CH2)3. ??????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????, ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? (????? ???????) ??? ???? ????. ??????????????????? ???? ??? ?????, ?? ?????????????? ??? ?????????????? ?????.

?????????? ??????: ?? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????. ???? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? sp2 ?????? ???, ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????. ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???, ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????, ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????. "?????????", ???? ?????? ???????????, ????????????? ?? ?????????, ?? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ? ?????? ??? ??? 4n + 2 ??????????? pi ?????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ????, ???? 'n' ???????? ???.

1. ^ "Organic chemistry" . Wikipedia (??????? ?????). 2019-06-02.
2. ^ "?????????? ????" .
3. ^ ??????, ?????? ??.; ????, ?????? ??. ??? ????, ?????? ??. (? Organ 1992 ?) ???????? ????????????, 6th ?? ??., ???????? ???????. ???????? 978-0136436690.
4. ^ ??????????????, ??. (2006) ??????????????? 3 ?? ??., ????-????????
5. ^ KIEFER, DAVID M. (1993-08-09). "Organic Chemicals' Mauve Beginning" . Chemical & Engineering News . 71 (32): 22?23. doi : 10.1021/cen-v071n032.p022 . ISSN   0009-2347 .
6. ^ "????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????". ??????? ?????? ??????. ??? 2016. 20 ????? 2018 ???? ????????????.
7. ^ ???????????, ????????; ??????, ?????? ??; ??????, ?????? ??. (2017) ???????? ???????????? ?????. ???? ????????? = 3?4: ?????? (????????? ?????????, ??????? 4 ???? ????????? ???????????, ???????, 1998). ???????? 978-93-85998-89-8.
8. ^ ????????, ???? (7 ??????? 2010) ??????????? ??????. ? ?????????
9. ^ ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? (2008). "????????????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????????". ?????????????????. 82 (3): 171-9. doi: 10.1159 / 000149583. PMC 2790789. PMID 18679046.
10. ^   "??? ???????, ??????? ??????, ??? ????? ???????? ?????????". ??????? ?????????. 3 ????? 2012 ???? ????????????.
11. ^ ??? ??????? ". ??????? ?????? ??????. ??? ???.. 20 ????? 2018 ???? ????????????.
12. ^ ????????????, ????? (??? U) ???????? ??????????????? ?? ??????????? ??????????, ????-????????, ?????? ???? "?????? ??? ?????? ????????". doi: 10.1002 / 14356007.a14_149.pub2
13. ^ ??????, ??.??.; ?????????, ?.??. (1996). ???? ???????????? ?????????: ??????, ??????, ??????. ???? ???????? 978-3-527-29231-8.
14. ^ ?????, ???????. ????????, ?????? (1994). ????? ???????????????, ?????? ??????????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????. ????. ???????? 978-0-566-07556-8
15. ^ ??????, ??.??.; ????, ??. ??. ??.; ?????, ??.??.; ??????, ??.???. ??? ??????, ??.??. (1997) ???????? ???????? ???????? ???. ??? ???? ??? ????, ???????? 0-471-59748-1
16. ^ "?????? ??? ???????? ?????????" .
17. ^ ?????????, ?. ?. (1954-06-01) "???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????, 1892". ???????? ?????? ?????. 31 (6): 326. ??????: 1954JChEd..31..326E. doi: 10.1021 / ed031p326. ISSN 0021-9584.
18. ^ ?????, ?????? ?? ; ?????, ???? (2007), ?????????? ???????? ??????????: ?????????, ???????????, ??? ????????? (6th ed.), ?????????: ????-??????????, ???????? 978-0-471-72091-1