|
???? ??????/????????
???????
????? ?????? ???????
?????
?????
??????? ???????? ????
???. ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???.
?????? ???????
??? ??? ??????? ?????
??????? ?????????
??? ????.
- ??????????:?????????? ?????
?????? ???? ????? ?????
??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???
.
- ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?% ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? (??????? ??????????? ????????) ??? ???? ??? ????? ???.
- ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?% ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????.
|
???????? ?????????
,
??????? ???????
?? ??? ????????? ??? ??, ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????. ???.
???????? ?????
.
[?]
[?]
??????? ?????? ???? title??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????.
??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ???????,??????, ?????? ? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? (?????????) ?????. ???????, ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????.
[?]
[?]
[?]
???? ?????????? title???? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ????.?????????? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ?????.
[?]
? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ????. ???:???? ????? ? ????? ??????(cross references)
[?]
[?]
?????? ????? ? ???? ????,???????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????? "???????" ?????? ?????. ?? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????.
[?]
????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???- ????, ??????, ?????? ???? corporation?? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? title-???? ????? ?????? consistently, ???????? ? ????????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ????. ??? ????? ???? ???/??? ???? ???, ????????,
pen name
s, or
alias
es.
[??]
?? ????? title ?????????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????.
[??]
???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ????????, ?????
??????? ????
????
??????? ??????
????????? ??? ????, ?? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ? ??????? ?????? ???? ? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????? "???????? ?????"
[??]
???? ?? ??????????? ? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???.?????????, ??????? ??????? ??
controlled vocabulary
?
bibliographic control
?? ?? ?????? ???.
???????????? ??????? ???????? ?????/??? ?? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ????, ???, ???????? ???? ?????????? ????, ??????? title?, ?????????/????????? ???? ? ????
[?]
???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ? ???????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???? ?????? ?????.
???????? ?? ???????? ????
???? ????/title? ?? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ??? ??????, ?????, ??????? ????? ??????? ????.?????????? ?????? ?????,???????? ???????????????? ????? ?????? ????.??? ????????,??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????. ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???.???? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? "????? ??????? ? ????" ???? ???? ???.
[?]
??????? ????????? ?????
[
??????
]
- ???? ???????? ??????? ??????
: ??????? ??????? ??, ???? ????? ? ????, ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ????.
[??]
???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??, ?????????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????, ????????? ??? ???/?? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????.
[??]
- ????? ???? ???????????? ??????
:
[??]
?????? ????, ?????????? "and" ????? "not" ????? "or" ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????, ????? ?????? ??? ????.
[??]
??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????.
[??]
- ?????????? ????????
:
[??]
[??]
[??]
- ???????? ????????? ? ???????
:
[??]
- ????????????? ???????????
: ??????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ?? ?? ??????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????.??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????/???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ????, ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????. ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ????.
[??]
[??]
- ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????
:
[??]
- ?????? ?????????? ???? ????
.?? ??????????? ???????? ????? ? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????. ???? ??????,?????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????.???, ????????? ????????.ref name=tws2NovY434/>?????? ???????????? ???????????? ? ?????????????? ??? ????.
[??]
- ??????? ????????
:???? ???????????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????. ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????.??? ????????
??????? ?????
(quality drift) ????? ???????. ??????????: ??????/????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????, ??????? ?? ???????? ????????????????? ???????? ??? ????.
[?]
????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????/????????? ????? ?????
[
??????
]
???-??? ???? ?????????, ???? ???????/?????????, ???????? ???????? ????.
[??]
[??]
?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????, ?????????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????.
??????? cataloguers ?? ??????? ????????? ????,???? ??????????? ?????, ???? ????????????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ?????.??? ????????? ???? ??, ???????????? ?????? ???????? title?, ??? ?????????? title?????? ????? ?????, ???? ????????/???? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????, ???? ????? title????? ?????????? ??????? ????.
??????? ??????? ????, ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??, ???? ?????????? ???????/??????? ???????????? ???? ? ????? ???????? ???????/????????????/???????? ??????????, ????? ???,???????, ???????? ???,??????? ???? ???/??? ????????? ?????.??????????,??????? ???????????????,
en:Princess Diana
??
en:Diana, Princess of Wales
?????????? ? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ???.??,
Princess Diana
?
Diana, Princess of Wales
?? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ?????.?????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????:
[?]
- Diana. (1)
- Diana, Princess of Wales. (1)
- Diana, Princess of Wales, 1961-1997 (13)
- Diana, Princess of Wales 1961-1997 (1)
- Diana, Princess of Wales, 1961-1997 (2)
- DIANA, PRINCESS OF WALES, 1961-1997. (1)
- Diana, Princess of Wales, - Iconography. (2)
[?]
?? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????. ?????????, ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????????? ?????????????? ??? ????? ?????????????? ????? ???????? ?????? title?? ?????.??? ???-???
access point
???????:
- Diana, Princess of Wales, 1961-1997
[??]
??????????, ???????? title? ? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????, ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ???????????????? ???????? ?????.?????????? ????? ??? ????.??, ???????? ????????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ????.??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???.???????? ?? ????????????? ???????
????????? ????????? ??????? ????
?? ???. ??, ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? title ???????? ??????? ??????? ???.???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ???. ???,
??????????? ??????? ????
(??????) ?? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ? ??????????
???????? ?? ????????
?????? ?????????? ???????? ????.??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???.???.,?????? ?????
en:Princess Diana
?? ???? ??
118525123
??? (preferred name:
Diana <Wales, Prinzessin>
) ?? ??????????
???????? ?? ????????
Diana, Princess of Wales, 1961-1997
?? ?????? ??????.??? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ????.????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????
VIAF ID: 107032638
?? ??? - ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ??????????? ???????.
[??]
??????? ???????????? "Diana, Princess of Wales" ?? ???????? ???? ????, ??, ???? ?????? ????? ?????, ?????????? ????????????? ???????????????? ???????????, ??????????? ???? ?????? ????.
??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????
[
??????
]
?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????.
[??]
??? title ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? title ????? ??????? ?????? title?????? ???.
[??]
?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????. ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??? ????, ??????????, ??????? ????? (???????? ???) ???????? ?????; ?? ??????????, ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????, ??? ?? ???? ????, ???????? ????, ?????? ???????? ??????, ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????, ?????, ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????, ????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????. ?????? ???????(?????????) ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????????? ?????, ?????? ??, ??????? ????????? (?????? ???????????) ???? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????.
??????? ??????? ???????? ? ??????
[
??????
]
????????????? ??????? ????????? (?????? ???????????) ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ????, ?? ????? ????????? ?????????? title???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????. ?? ???????? ????????????? "??????? ????" ?????? ??????? ????. ????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????? (????? ????????? ???????????) ?????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ?? ????????? ??????? ????. ?? ???????????????, ?? ???? ??? ??????, ????? ????????? ??????, title?????? ?????? ???????, ??????? ????.
???????, ???????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????????, ???????? ???????? ???????????????? ????????? ????? ??? title ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ????, ?? ?????? ??? ????.
[??]
??????? ??????? ??????, ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ????.
[??]
????? ???? ????? title ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???, ????; ?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ????. ??? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????, ?????, ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????:
title/???? ?? ???????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? title ????????. ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????; ?? ???? ??????????? title??? ?????? ????????? ???? ??, ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???:
Since the headings function as access points, making sure that they are distinct and not in conflict with existing entries is important. For example, the English novelist William Collins (1824?89), whose works include the Moonstone and The Woman in White is better known as Wilkie Collins. Cataloguers have to decide which name the public would most likely look under, and whether to use a see also reference to link alternative forms of an individual's name.
- ????? ??????
(Cross references) ?? ??????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? title ??? ? ????? ???????? ????:
- see
?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? title ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? title????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? "????????" ?????? ???? ????.
- see also
?????? ?? ???????? ????? title?????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????. ??
see also
?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? title???? ????????? ?????.
- Statement(s) of justification
??, ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????.??????, ???????????? title ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????,???? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? title??? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????????, ?????? ???? ???????? ????.
??????????, ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????
?????? ?'?????
(Brian O'Nolan) ?????, ?????? ?'?????? ? ?????? ?? ??????? (Flann O'Brien and Myles na Gopaleen) ????????? ???? ??????????? ????? ???? ????. ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????? "O'Brien, Flann, 1911-1966" ?? ?????? ?????? title ?????? ???? ??????? ???.
[??]
The example contains all three elements of a valid authority record: the first heading
O'Brien, Flann, 1911-1966
is the form of the name that the
Library of Congress
chose as authoritative. In theory, every record in the catalog that represents a work by this author should have this form of the name as its author heading. What follows immediately below the heading beginning with
Na Gopaleen, Myles, 1911-1966
are the
see
references. These forms of the author's name will appear in the catalog, but only as transcriptions and not as headings. If a user queries the catalog under one of these variant forms of the author's name, he or she would receive the response: "See O'Brien, Flann, 1911-1966." There is an additional spelling variant of the Gopaleen name: "Na gCopaleen, Myles, 1911-1966" has an extra
C
inserted because the author also employed the non-anglicized Irish spelling of his pen-name, in which the capitalized
C
shows the correct root word while the preceding
g
indicates its pronunciation in context. So if a library user comes across this spelling variant, he or she will be led to the same author regardless.
See also
references, which point from one authorized heading to another authorized heading, are exceedingly rare for personal name authority records, although they often appear in name authority records for corporate bodies. The final four entries in this record beginning with
His At Swim-Two-Birds ... 1939.
constitute the justification for this particular form of the name: it appeared in this form on the 1939 edition of the author's novel
At Swim-Two-Birds
, whereas the author's other
noms de plume
appeared on later publications.
Access control
[
??????
]
The act of choosing a single authorized heading to represent all forms of a name is quite often a difficult and complex task, considering that any given individual may have legally changed their name or used a variety of legal names in the course of their lifetime, as well as a variety of nicknames, pen names, stage names or other alternative names. It may be particularly difficult to choose a single authorized heading for individuals whose various names have controversial political or social connotations, when the choice of authorized heading may be seen as endorsement of the associated political or social ideology.
An alternative to using authorized headings is the idea of
access control,
where various forms of a name are related without the endorsement of one particular form.
[??]
Authority control and cooperative cataloging
[
??????
]
Before the advent of digital
online public access catalog
s and the Internet, creating and maintaining a library's authority files were generally carried out by individual cataloging departments within each library. Naturally, then, there was considerable difference in the authority files of the different libraries. For the early part of library history, it was generally accepted that, as long as a library's catalog was internally consistent, the differences between catalogs in different libraries did not matter greatly.
As libraries became more attuned to the needs of researchers and began interacting more with other libraries, the value of standard cataloging practices came to be recognized. With the advent of automated database technologies, catalogers began to establish cooperative consortia, such as
OCLC
and
RLIN
in the
United States
, in which cataloging departments from libraries all over the world contributed their records to, and took their records from, a shared database. This development prompted the need for national standards for authority work.
In the United States, the primary organization for maintaining cataloging standards with respect to authority work operates under the aegis of the
Library of Congress
, and is known as the Name Authority Cooperative Program, or NACO Authority.
[??]
Standards
[
??????
]
There are various standards using different acronyms.
Standards for authority metadata
:
Standards for object identification, controlled by an identification-authority
:
Standards for identified-object metadata
(examples):
vCard
,
Dublin Core
, etc.
See also
[
??????
]
- ^
Block, Rick J. 1999. "Authority Control: What It Is and Why It Matters.", accessed March 30, 2006
- ^
a
b
c
d
"Why Does a Library Catalog Need Authority Control and What Is it?"
.
IMPLEMENTING AUTHORITY CONTROL
. United States: Vermont Department of Libraries. 2003. Archived from
the original
on 2015-06-07
.
2015-05-22
???? ??????
.
...
However! :
if the link [URL] in this footnote is a
dead link
, then ... please [feel free to] see the next footnote, which links to a web page
having the exact same title
that
does
still exist (at a slightly different
URL
).
- ^
"auctor [
sic
; see note below] (
search term
)"
.
Online Etymology Dictionary
. Douglas Harper. 2013
.
2013-07-19
???? ??????
.
author (
n
)
?
c.
1300,
autor
"father," from
O.Fr.
auctor, acteor
"author, originator, creator, instigator (12c.,
Mod.Fr.
auteur
), from
L.
auctorem
(
nom.
auctor
)
... --
authority (n.)
?
early 13c.,
autorite
"book or quotation that settles an argument," from
O.Fr.
auctorite
"authority, prestige, right, permission, dignity, gravity; the Scriptures" (
12c.
;
Mod.Fr.
autorite
),
...
(see
author
).
...
Note:
root words for both
author
and
authority
are words such as
auctor
or
autor
and
autorite
from the 13th century.
- ^
"authority (control)"
.
Memidex
. December 7, 2012
.
2012-12-07
???? ??????
.
Etymology ... autorite "book or quotation that settles an argument", from Old French auctorite...
- ^
"authority"
.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
. December 7, 2012
.
2012-12-07
???? ??????
.
See "Origin of authority" -- Middle English auctorite, from Anglo-French auctorite, from Latin auctoritat-, auctoritas opinion, decision, power, from auctor First Known Use: 13th century...
- ^
a
b
"Authority Control at the NMSU Library"
. United States: New Mexico State University. 2007. Archived from
the original
on June 4, 2010
.
November 25,
2012 ???? ??????
.
- ^
"Authority Control in the Card Environment"
.
IMPLEMENTING AUTHORITY CONTROL
. United States: Vermont Department of Libraries. 2003
.
2015-05-22
???? ??????
.
[
permanent dead link
]
- ^
a
b
c
Kathleen L. Wells of the University of Southern Mississippi Libraries.
"Got Authorities? Why Authority Control Is Good for Your Library"
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
"Cataloguing authority control policy"
. National Library of Australia. November 25, 2012. Archived from
the original
on 2013-01-13.
The primary purpose of authority control is to assist the catalogue user in locating items of interest.
- ^
a
b
c
"Authority Control at LTI"
. LTI. November 25, 2012. Archived from
the original
on 2013-12-15.
- ^
a
b
c
"brief guidelines on authority control decision-making"
. Archived from
the original
on 2013-01-13
.
2017-10-01
???? ??????
.
- ^
a
b
"Authority Control in Unicorn WorkFlows August 2001"
.
Why Authority Control?
- ^
Burger, R.H. (1985).
Authority Work: the creation, use, maintenance, and evaluation of authority records and files
.
ISBN
9780872874916
.
- ^
Clack, D.H. (1990).
Authority Control: Principles, Applications, and Instructions
.
ISBN
9780608014432
.
- ^
Maxwell, R.L. (2002).
Maxwell's Guide to Authority Work
.
ISBN
9780838908228
.
- ^
a
b
c
????????? ????????? ??????? ????
records for Princess Diana, retrieved March 12, 2013
- ^
????: ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? title ???
- ^
a
b
Calhoun, Karen (June 1998).
"A Bird's Eye View of Authority Control in Cataloging"
.
Cornell University Library
.
November 25,
2012 ???? ??????
.
- ^
Mason, Moya K (November 25, 2012).
"Purpose of Authority Work and Files"
????:Inconsistent citations
- ^
Wynar, BS (1992). "Introduction to Cataloguing and Classification" (8th ed.). Littleton, CO: Libraries Unlimited
????:Inconsistent citations
.
- ^
"Authorities files"
. Library of Congress
????:Inconsistent citations
; the original record has been abbreviated for clarity.
- ^
a
b
Calhoun, Karen.
"A Bird's Eye View of Authority Control in Cataloging"
. Cornell University Library
????:Inconsistent citations
.
- ^
Note: See Linda Barnhart's
Access Control Records: Prospects and Challenges
from the 1996 OCLC conference entitled ; "Authority Control in the 21st Century " For more information.
- ^
"NACO Home: NACO (Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC), Library of Congress)"
. Loc.gov
.
2015-03-16
???? ??????
.
- ^
Library of Congress Network Development and MARC Standards Office.
"MARC 21 Format for Authority Data: Table of Contents (Network Development and MARC Standards Office, Library of Congress)"
. Loc.gov
.
2011-12-18
???? ??????
.
- ^
"ISAAR(CPF): International Standard Archival Authority Record for Corporate Bodies, Persons, and Families, Second edition"
. Archived from
the original
on 2007-06-05
.
2008-09-11
???? ??????
.
- ^
"ICArchives : Page d'accueil : Accueil"
. Ica.org
.
2011-12-18
???? ??????
.
????:Computable knowledge