?????? ???????? ??????

?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ? ????????? ??? ??????? ^[?] (??????? ???????: FIDE) ???? ??????? ?? ???? , ?.?. ???? ???? ????? ???? ????. ^[?] ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???.

?????

???? ?? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????. ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ???? ??????.

??????

^ ???????? (??????? ?????) . ?? ??, ???? ???? ?????? . The International Chess Federation or Federation Internationale des Echecs, (referred to in the ensuing text as FIDE for short) |????????= missing |????????= ( ?????? ); |??????????????= ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ( ?????? )
^ ???????? (??????? ?????) . ?? ??, ???? ???? ?????? . which was founded on July 20, 1924 in Paris. |????????= missing |????????= ( ?????? ); |??????????????= ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ( ?????? )

[1] ???????? (??????? ?????) . ?? ??, ???? ???? ?????? . The International Chess Federation or Federation Internationale des Echecs, (referred to in the ensuing text as FIDE for short) |????????= missing |????????= ( ?????? ); |??????????????= ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ( ?????? )

[2] ???????? (??????? ?????) . ?? ??, ???? ???? ?????? . which was founded on July 20, 1924 in Paris. |????????= missing |????????= ( ?????? ); |??????????????= ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ( ?????? )

[?]

[?]