???????? ???????? (Sikhism) ( / ? s ? k ? z ?m / ); ???????: ????? or Sikhi ( Sikkh? ,  [?s?kː?iː], from ????, Sikh, ????????????? '???????? ???????) ??? ??????????????????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????? ^{[lower-roman ?]} ??????????????? ???? ?? ???????? ^{[?] [?] [?] [?] [?]} ?????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ?????

?????????? ????????????? ????? ??????????????? ???? ????????????????? (????-????)? ??? ????????????????????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ???? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? (Guru Gobind Singh) (???????? ???? - ????)? ?????????????? ( Guru Granth Sahib) ???? ????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????? ????????????? ???????????????????????? ^[?] ???????? ??????? ???????????????? "????????????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????? ????????????????? ??????????????????????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????????? ????????? ?????????????? ^[?] ?????????????( Guru Hargobind)? ???????? ???????????? (???????????? ???? - ????) ??? ????????????? ?????? ???? ???????? (??????????????) ????? ???????? (?????????) ????? ^[?]

The Sikh scripture opens with the Mul Mantar (??? ????), fundamental prayer about ik onkar (?, 'One God'). ^{[?] [??]} The core beliefs of Sikhism, articulated in the Guru Granth Sahib , include faith and meditation on the name of the one creator; divine unity and equality of all humankind; engaging in seva ('selfless service'); striving for justice for the benefit and prosperity of all; and honest conduct and livelihood while living a householder's life. ^{[??] [??] [??]} Following this standard, Sikhism rejects claims that any particular religious tradition has a monopoly on Absolute Truth. ^{[lower-roman ?] [??]}

Sikhism emphasizes simran (?????, meditation and remembrance of the words of God), ^[??] which can be expressed musically through kirtan , or internally through <i id="mweA">naam japna</i> ('meditation on His name') as a means to feel God's presence. It teaches followers to transform the "Five Thieves" (i.e. lust, rage, greed, attachment, and ego). ^[??]

The religion developed and evolved in times of religious persecution, gaining converts from both Hinduism and Islam . ^[??] Mughal rulers of India tortured and executed two of the Sikh gurus?Guru Arjan (1563?1605) and Guru Tegh Bahadur (1621?1675)?after they refused to convert to Islam. ^{[??] [??] [??] [??]} The persecution of Sikhs triggered the founding of the Khalsa - by Guru Gobind Singh in 1699 - as an order to protect the freedom of conscience and religion, ^[??] with members expressing the qualities of a Sant-Sip?h? ?a 'saint-soldier'. ^{[??] [??]}

References [ ????????? | ????????? ??????? ]

1. ↑ Nesbitt, Eleanor M.. Sikhism: a very short introduction ?  
2. ↑ Singh, Nirbhai. Philosophy of Sikhism: Reality and Its Manifestations ?  
3. ↑ Takhar, Opinderjit Kaur. Sikh Identity: An Exploration of Groups Among Sikhs ?  
4. ↑ Religions: Sikhism (2014).
5. ↑ Cole, William Owen. Sikhism and Christianity: A Comparative Study (Themes in Comparative Religion) ?  
6. ↑ Mann, Gurinder Singh (2001). The Making of Sikh Scripture . US: Oxford University Press, 21?25, 123?24. ISBN 978-0-19-513024-9 ?  
7. ↑ Marwaha, Sonali Bhatt (2006). Colors of Truth: Religion, Self and Emotions : Perspectives of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Zoroastrianism, Islam, Sikhism and Contemporary Psychology . Concept Publishing Company, 205?206. ISBN 978-81-8069-268-0 ?  
8. ↑ Marty, Martin E. (1996). Fundamentalisms and the State: Remaking Polities, Economies, and Militance . University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-50884-9 ?  
9. ↑ Pashaura Singh (2003). The Guru Granth Sahib: Canon, Meaning and Authority . Oxford University Press, 101?102. ISBN 978-0-19-908773-0 ?  
10. ↑ Singha, H. S. (2000). The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 Entries) . Hemkunt, 20?21, 103. ISBN 978-81-7010-301-1 ?  
11. ↑ Kalsi. Sikhism . Chelsea House, 41?50?  
12. ↑ Cole (1995). The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices . Sussex Academic Press?  
13. ↑ Teece (2004). Sikhism:Religion in focus . Black Rabbit Books. ISBN 978-1-58340-469-0 ?  
14. ↑ Reichberg, Gregory M., and Henrik Syse (2014). Religion, War, and Ethics: A Sourcebook of Textual Traditions . Cambridge University Press, 672?74. ISBN 978-1-139-95204-0 ?  
15. ↑ Pattanaik, Devdutt (2019). Where Hinduism and Sikhism meet .
16. ↑ Nayar, Kamala Elizabeth. Socially Involved Renunciate, The: Guru Nanak's Discourse to the Nath Yogis . SUNY Press?  
17. ↑ (2008) Federalism, Nationalism and Development: India and the Punjab Economy (in English). Routledge. ISBN 9781134049455 ? “A large number of Hindu and Muslim peasants converted to Sikhism from conviction, fear, economic motives, or a combination of the three (Khushwant Singh 1999: 106; Ganda Singh 1935: 73).”  
18. ↑ The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies . Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-969930-8 ?  
19. ↑ "Martyrdom and the Execution of Guru Arjan in Early Sikh Sources" .  
20. ↑ "Martyrdom and the Sikh Tradition" .  
21. ↑ "Sikhs and Muslims in the Punjab" .  
22. ↑ (1 Feb 2008) History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606?1708 . Atlantic Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd. ISBN 978-8126908578 ?  
23. ↑ Encyclopaedia of Great Festivals . Shree Publishers & Distributors. ISBN 978-8183291910 ?  
24. ↑ Maharaja Ranjit Singh: The Last to Lay Arms . Abhinav Publications. ISBN 978-8170174103 ?