????????????? ?????

???????? ??????

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_bug

??? ?????????? ?????????, ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????????????, ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????, ??????????? ????? ????????? ?????. ????????? ???????????, ???????????????? ?????????, ????? ????????????????? ??????????? ????? ????????????. ????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????. ?????? ???????????????? ??????????. ??????, ????????? (dbx), ????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????????. 1870-???? ?????, ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ????? ????????????????????. 1941-? ???????????? ??? ????????-???????????? ????????????? ????? 2-?? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????(?????) ??????????????, ??? ???????????? ????????????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????????????????, ??????? ????????. ?????? ??????????, ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????, ? ?????????? ???? ????????????.

??????????????? ????????? ?????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ??? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????, ????????????, ????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????????? ????? ??? ????????. ????????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ????? ????? ????????????????????. ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ??? ????????? ?????????????, ??????????? ?????????????, ?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????????. ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????, ????????????, ?????????? ????????????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????????????. ^[1]

??? ????????????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????????. Therac-25 ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????????????? ?????? ????? ????? 1980 ???? ????????? ????????? ????????. 1996-?, ???????? ???????? ????????? 1 ?????? ????? ????????? ?????????????? ????? 5 ????????? ???????????? ??? ??????????????? ??-????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????????. ^[2]1994-? ????(RAF) ???????? ???????????? ??????? 29 ??? ???????. ??????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????????????, ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????????? ??????????????. ^[3] ????? ???? ????????????? ???? 21-?? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ????????, ?????????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????????? ???. ^[4]

2002-?, ????? ?????????????????? ??? ????????????? ????? ?????????????????? ??? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??? ????, "????????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ????????????, ???????????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????????????????? ????????? 59 ?????? ???? ?????????? ????? ???????? ???????????????? 0.6 ?????? ????????????????????." ^[5]

??????? [ ????????? ]

????? ???????? ????? ?????(bugge) ?????? "???????", "??????" ????? ?????????? ????????. ??????? ?????? ?????????(???????) ???????. ^[6]

???????????(defects)???????????? "???" ???? ??? 1870-?? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ^[7]?????? ??????????????? ????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????; ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????. ????????????, ????? ????? 1878-? ????? ???????????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????: ^[8]

...?????????????? ???????????-???????? ??? ??????????????, ?????? "???????"-?????? ????? ????????? ???????????????? ?????????????????????? ????? ????? ????? ???????????? ^[9]

???????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???, 1931-? "????? ???????? ?????" ????? ?????? ?????????????. ^[10] ?????? ?????????????????? ????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? (?????????? ????????) ????? ???????????????. ^[11]

1942-? ??????????????? ??? ???????????, ?????? ????????? ??????, ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????????????? ??????, "????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????????????? ??? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????." ^[12]

???? ??????? 1944-? ??????????????? "???????? ?????? ????????" ???? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????? "???" ???? ??? ??????????.

??????????? ??????(??????? ??????????? ???????????) ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????? "???" ???? ??? ??????????, ??????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????? ??? ???????????????. ^[13]? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????:

1946-?, ?????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ????, ??? ????????????? ????????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????, ????? ??? ??????? II, ??????? III ????????? ????? ???? ????????. ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? II-? ?????? ????? ????????????? ?????????, ????? ???????????? ??? ???? ??? ??????????. ? ??? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????. ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ? ????????????????, ?????? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ????????????. ^[14]

??? ??????????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????????????, ????? ??? ????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????. ???? ??????? ?????????????? ????? 1947 ?????????? 9 ?????????. ^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]

???????? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ^[19]?????? "???" ?????? ????????, ??? ?????????? ????????????? ? ????????????? ???????????????? ????????????????, ?????? "??? ???????????????? ???????? ??????? ????" ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????????."

? ???? ??????, ????????? ????? ???? ??????????, ???????????? ????? ???????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ???????. ^[17]

??????? ???????? [ ????????? ]

Collection of Software Bugs (Thomas Huckle, TU Munchen)
Computer-Related Incidents with Commercial Aircraft (Peter B. Ladkin et al., Universitat Bielefeld)
An Investigation of the Therac-25 Accidents (Nancy Leveson, University of Washington and Clark S. Turner, University of California at Irvine)
Fatal Dose: Radiation Deaths linked to AECL Computer Errors (Barbara Wade Rose, Canadian Coalition for Nuclear Responsibility)
Software Horror Stories (Nachum Dershowitz)
Software Does Not Fail (Paul Niquette]
Picture of the "first computer bug" Archived 2015-01-12 at the Wayback Machine . The error of this term is elaborated above. (Naval Historical Center)
Page from 1947 log book with "first actual case of bug being found" (moth) ( National Museum of American History )
The First Computer Bug! Archived 1997-04-30 at the Wayback Machine . An email from 1981 about Adm. Hopper's bug
How to Report Bugs Effectively ( Simon G. Tatham )
Rates of Design Failure Archived 2010-04-24 at the Wayback Machine .
Bug Tracking Basics: A beginner’s guide to reporting and tracking defects (Mitch Allen)
History's Worst Software Bugs
Bug Isolation Project - This project is to track bugs of popular open source software. Everyone can participate if he/she has Fedora Core 5 installed.

??????????? ?????????????????? ??????????? ? ????? ????????????. ??? ???????????????? ?????????? .

?????? [ ????????? ]

↑ Mittal, Varun; Aditya, Shivam (2015-01-01). "Recent Developments in the Field of Bug Fixing" . Procedia Computer Science . International Conference on Computer, Communication and Convergence (ICCC 2015) (in ????????). 48 : 288?297. doi : 10.1016/j.procs.2015.04.184 . ISSN 1877-0509 .
↑ "Ariane 501 - Presentation of Inquiry Board report" . www.esa.int (in ????????) . Retrieved 2022-01-29 .
↑ Prof. Simon Rogerson . "The Chinook Helicopter Disaster" . Ccsr.cse.dmu.ac.uk. Archived from the original on ???? 17, 2012 . Retrieved ?????????? 24, 2012 .
↑ "Post Office scandal ruined lives, inquiry hears" . BBC News . 14 February 2022.
↑ "Software bugs cost US economy dear" . June 10, 2009. Archived from the original on June 10, 2009 . Retrieved September 24, 2012 . {{ cite web }}: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link )
↑ Computerworld staff (?????????? 3, 2011). "Moth in the machine: Debugging the origins of 'bug' " . Computerworld . Archived from the original on ???????? 25, 2015.
↑ "bug" , Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.), Oxford University Press , September 2005 {{ citation }}: Invalid |mode=CS1 ( help ) (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) 5a
↑ "Did You Know? Edison Coined the Term "Bug" " . August 1, 2013 . Retrieved July 19, 2019 .
↑ Edison to Puskas, 13 November 1878, Edison papers, Edison National Laboratory, U.S. National Park Service, West Orange, N.J., cited in Hughes, Thomas Parke (1989). American Genesis: A Century of Invention and Technological Enthusiasm, 1870-1970 . Penguin Books. p. 75. ISBN 978-0-14-009741-2 .
↑ "Baffle Ball" . Internet Pinball Database. (See image of advertisement in reference entry)
↑ "Modern Aircraft Carriers are Result of 20 Years of Smart Experimentation" . Life . ??? 29, 1942. p. 25. Archived from the original on ??? 4, 2013 . Retrieved ????? 17, 2011 .
↑ Dickinson Rich, Louise (1942), We Took to the Woods , JB Lippincott Co, p. 93, LCCN 42024308 , OCLC 405243 , archived from the original on ??????? 16, 2017.
↑ FCAT NRT Test , Harcourt, March 18, 2008
↑ "Danis, Sharron Ann: "Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper" " . ei.cs.vt.edu. February 16, 1997 . Retrieved January 31, 2010 .
↑ James S. Huggins. "First Computer Bug" . Jamesshuggins.com. Archived from the original on August 16, 2000 . Retrieved September 24, 2012 .
↑ " Bug Archived March 23, 2017, at the Wayback Machine .", The Jargon File , ver. 4.4.7. Retrieved June 3, 2010.
↑ ^17.0 ^17.1 " Log Book With Computer Bug Archived March 23, 2017, at the Wayback Machine .", National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
↑ " The First "Computer Bug ", Naval Historical Center. But note the Harvard Mark II computer was not complete until the summer of 1947.
↑ IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, Vol 22 Issue 1, 2000

[1] Mittal, Varun; Aditya, Shivam (2015-01-01). "Recent Developments in the Field of Bug Fixing" . Procedia Computer Science . International Conference on Computer, Communication and Convergence (ICCC 2015) (in ????????). 48 : 288?297. doi : 10.1016/j.procs.2015.04.184 . ISSN 1877-0509 .

[2] "Ariane 501 - Presentation of Inquiry Board report" . www.esa.int (in ????????) . Retrieved 2022-01-29 .

[3] Prof. Simon Rogerson . "The Chinook Helicopter Disaster" . Ccsr.cse.dmu.ac.uk. Archived from the original on ???? 17, 2012 . Retrieved ?????????? 24, 2012 .

[beeb182-4] "Post Office scandal ruined lives, inquiry hears" . BBC News . 14 February 2022.

[5] "Software bugs cost US economy dear" . June 10, 2009. Archived from the original on June 10, 2009 . Retrieved September 24, 2012 . {{ cite web }}: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link )

[6] Computerworld staff (?????????? 3, 2011). "Moth in the machine: Debugging the origins of 'bug' " . Computerworld . Archived from the original on ???????? 25, 2015.

[7] "bug" , Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.), Oxford University Press , September 2005 {{ citation }}: Invalid |mode=CS1 ( help ) (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) 5a

[8] "Did You Know? Edison Coined the Term "Bug" " . August 1, 2013 . Retrieved July 19, 2019 .

[Hughes1989-9] Edison to Puskas, 13 November 1878, Edison papers, Edison National Laboratory, U.S. National Park Service, West Orange, N.J., cited in Hughes, Thomas Parke (1989). American Genesis: A Century of Invention and Technological Enthusiasm, 1870-1970 . Penguin Books. p. 75. ISBN 978-0-14-009741-2 .

[Baffle_Ball-10] "Baffle Ball" . Internet Pinball Database. (See image of advertisement in reference entry)

[life1942062925-11] "Modern Aircraft Carriers are Result of 20 Years of Smart Experimentation" . Life . ??? 29, 1942. p. 25. Archived from the original on ??? 4, 2013 . Retrieved ????? 17, 2011 .

[oclc_405243-12] Dickinson Rich, Louise (1942), We Took to the Woods , JB Lippincott Co, p. 93, LCCN 42024308 , OCLC 405243 , archived from the original on ??????? 16, 2017.

[13] FCAT NRT Test , Harcourt, March 18, 2008

[14] "Danis, Sharron Ann: "Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper" " . ei.cs.vt.edu. February 16, 1997 . Retrieved January 31, 2010 .

[huggins-15] James S. Huggins. "First Computer Bug" . Jamesshuggins.com. Archived from the original on August 16, 2000 . Retrieved September 24, 2012 .

[16] " Bug Archived March 23, 2017, at the Wayback Machine .", The Jargon File , ver. 4.4.7. Retrieved June 3, 2010.

[si-bug-17] 17.0 ^17.1 " Log Book With Computer Bug Archived March 23, 2017, at the Wayback Machine .", National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.

[18] " The First "Computer Bug ", Naval Historical Center. But note the Harvard Mark II computer was not complete until the summer of 1947.

[19] IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, Vol 22 Issue 1, 2000

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