???????????, ??? ????????? ???????????.
Pacific War
|
---|
World War II
????
|
Map showing the main areas of the conflict and Allied landings in the Pacific, 1942?45
|
|
?????????? ?????????????????????
|
---|
Allies
[1]
United States
China
[i]
United Kingdom
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Netherlands
Mexico
Soviet Union
and others
[ii]
| Axis
Japan
Thailand
and others
[iii]
|
????????? ????? ??????????
|
---|
| |
?????
|
---|
14,000,000
[2]
3,621,383+ (1945)
[iv]
2,000,000
[7]
1,669,500 (1945)
[8]
600,000
400,000
[7]
140,000
[9]
[v]
| 7,800,000?7,900,000 (1945)
[10]
[11]
[12]
126,500
[13]
,
,
and others: ~1,000,000+ (1945)
[14]
|
???????????
|
---|
- Military
4,000,000+ dead
(1937?45)
- Allied casualties 1937?1945:
- 3,237,000+
[15]
[16]
(not including allied irregulars)
- 584,267
- 425,588
[vi]
- 235,000
- 140,000
- 100,000+
- 68,612+
- 45,841
- 20,000+
- 753
- 578+
- Civilian deaths
26,000,000+
(1937?45)
[vii]
| - Military
2,500,000+ dead
(1937?45)
[viii]
- Civilian deaths
1,000,000+
[ix]
|
- a
Including its islands and neighboring countries
- b
Partially and briefly
|
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??????
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, ???? ?????????????? ???????? ???????.
[35]
?????? ??????????
???????????
???????????
???????. ???????? ????????????? ???????????,
??????????
?????????
???????
?????????? ???????????
????? ????? ??????? ????. ?????????
????????????
??????????????
????????
????????
?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????????????.
[36]
?????????????? ??????
[
?????????
]
???????????? ???? ???????????, ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????????? ?????? ????????????????????. ???????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????????????. ????????? ????????????
?????? ???????
???? ??? ?????????????????.
????????? ??????????????????? ???????? ?????? ????????????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????? 1941 ?????? 10 ?? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? (
Greater East Asia War
(
大東???
,
Dai T?-A Sens?
?
)
(
大東???
,
Dai T?-A Sens?
) ????? ????????. ? ???? ?????? 12-?? ??????????????? ?????????????.
- ?????? ?????? ???????????
- ↑
At war
since 1937
- ↑
Complete list of nations that fought on the Allied side in the Pacific War:
China
, the United States, the United Kingdom (including the
Fiji Islands
, the
Straits Settlements
and
other colonial forces
),
Tonga
(a British protectorate), Australia (including the
Territory of New Guinea
), the
Commonwealth of the Philippines
(a United States protectorate),
British India
, the Netherlands (including
Dutch East Indies
colonial forces), the
Soviet Union
,
New Zealand
,
Canada
,
Mexico
, and
Mongolia
.
Free French Naval Forces
contributed several warships, such as the
Le Triomphant
. After the
Liberation of France
, the French battleship
Richelieu
was sent to the Pacific. From 1943, the commando group
Corps Leger d'Intervention
took part in resistance operations in Indochina. French Indochinese forces faced Japanese forces in
a coup in 1945
. The commando corps continued to operate after the coup until liberation.
Guerrilla organizations that fought for the Allies include the Chinese
Eighth Route Army
and
New Fourth Army
, the
Hukbalahap
, the
Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army
, the Manchurian
Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies
, the
Korean Liberation Army
, the
Free Thai Movement
and the
Vi?t Minh
.
- ↑
Complete list of nations and groups that fought on the Axis side in the Pacific War: Japan (including
Thailand
, the puppet government of
Manchukuo
,
Mengjiang
,
Wang Jingwei regime
, and other Chinese collaborationist governments and organizations, the
State of Burma
, the
Provisional Government of Free India
, the puppet
Second Philippine Republic
, and other states in the
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
). The
Vichy French
allowed the Japanese to use bases in
French Indochina
beginning in 1941 following invasion. In addition,
Germany
and
Italy
both contributed small naval forces.
- ↑
Strength of the US Military in Asia and the Pacific as of war's end: Army: 1,770,036,
[3]
Navy (excluding Coast Guard and Marines): 1,366,716,
[4]
and Marine Corps: 484,631.
[5]
These figures do not include the Coast Guard or naval personnel in the China-Burma-India theater.
[6]
- ↑
These numbers do not include the Royal Netherlands Navy.
- ↑
111,914 battle deaths (including 13,395 who died as POWs and 5,707 who died of wounds), 49,000+ non-battle deaths,
[17]
248,316 wounded, 16,358 captured and returned)
[18]
[19]
- ↑
Over 17 million Chinese civilian deaths (1937?45);
[20]
around 4 million civilian deaths from the Dutch East Indies;
[21]
[
???? ???????????
]
1?2 million Indochinese civilians;
[22]
around 3 million
[23]
Indian civilian deaths in the
Bengal famine of 1943
; 0.5 to 1 million
[24]
Filipino civilian deaths; 250,000
[25]
to 1,000,000
[26]
Burmese civilian deaths; 50,000
[27]
East Timorese
civilian deaths; and hundreds of thousands of Malayan, Pacific and other civilian deaths
[21]
[
???? ???????????
]
- ↑
2,133,915 Japanese military deaths 1937?45,
[28]
1.18 million Chinese collaborator casualties 1937?45 (432,000 dead),
[29]
22,000 Burmese casualties,
[
?????? ?????????
]
5,600 Thai troops killed,
[30]
and 2,615 Indian National Army (
Azad Hind
) killed/missing
[31]
- ↑
460,000 Japanese civilian deaths (338,000 in the bombings of Japan,
[32]
100,000 in the
Battle of Okinawa
, 22,000 in the
Battle of Saipan
), 543,000 Korean civilian deaths (mostly due to Japanese forced labor projects),
[33]
2,000?8,000 Thai civilian deaths
[34]
- ↑
A Decade of American Foreign Policy 1941?1949 Interim Meeting of Foreign Ministers, Moscow
Archived
8 November 2017 at the
Wayback Machine
.. Retrieved 30 September 2009.
- ↑
Hastings p. 205
- ↑
Coakley and Leighton (1989).
Global Logistics and Strategy 1943?1945
p. 836
- ↑
US Navy Personnel in World War II Service and Casualty Statistics, Naval History and Heritage Command
Table 9.
- ↑
King, Ernest J. (1945).
Third Report to the Secretary of the Navy
p. 221
- ↑
US Navy Personnel in World War II Service and Casualty Statistics, Naval History and Heritage Command
Footnote 2.
- ↑
7.0
7.1
Hastings, p. 10.
- ↑
Beevor: The Second World War p. 776. Total involved in Manchuria
- ↑
"Chapter 10: Loss of the Netherlands East Indies"
.
The Army Air Forces in World War II: Vol. 1 ? Plans & Early Operations
. HyperWar
. Retrieved
31 August
2010
.
- ↑
Cook (1992).
Japan at War: an Oral History
. New Press.
ISBN
978-1-56584-039-3
.
p. 403. Japanese strength is given at 4,335,500 in the Home Islands and 3,527,000 abroad.
- ↑
Harrison p. 29
Retrieved 10 March 2016
- ↑
Australia-Japan Research Project, "Dispositions and Deaths"
Retrieved 10 March 2016
- ↑
Meyer, Milton Walter (1997).
Asia: A Concise History
. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 309.
ISBN
9780847680634
.
- ↑
Jowett, pp. 72
- ↑
Hsu Long-hsuen "History of the Sino-Japanese war (1937?1945)" Taipei 1972
- ↑
Clodfelter, Michael "Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference", Vol. 2, pp. 956.
- ↑
C. E. Albertson, "Beneath the Southern Cross" p. xv
- ↑
"United States Dept. of the Army, Army Battle Casualties and Non Battle Deaths in World War II"
. Cgsc.cdmhost.com. Archived from
the original
on 2010-05-12
. Retrieved
15 June
2011
.
- ↑
Michael Clodfelter.
Warfare and Armed Conflicts ? A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500?2000. 2nd Ed. 2002
ISBN
0-7864-1204-6
. p. 585.
- ↑
"Chinese People Contribute to WWII"
. Retrieved
23 April
2009
.
- ↑
21.0
21.1
Dower, John William (1987),
War Without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War
. Pantheon
- ↑
"Vietnam needs to remember famine of 1945"
. Mailman.anu.edu.au. Archived from
the original
on 2017-10-19
. Retrieved
31 October
2010
.
- ↑
Amartya Sen (1981).
Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation
. London: Oxford University Press. p.
203
.
ISBN
9780195649543
.
- ↑
Werner Gruhl, Imperial Japan's World War Two, 1931?1945 Transaction 2007
ISBN
978-0-7658-0352-8
. pp. 143?44.
- ↑
Michael Clodfelter. Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500?2000. 2nd ed. 2002
ISBN
0-7864-1204-6
. p. 556
- ↑
McLynn, The Burma Campaign: Disaster into Triumph, 1942?1945, p. 1.
- ↑
Ruas, Oscar Vasconcelos, "Relatorio 1946?47", AHU
- ↑
Bren, John (3 June 2005)
"Yasukuni Shrine: Ritual and Memory"
Japan Focus
. Retrieved on 5 June 2009.
- ↑
R. J. Rummel
.
China's Bloody Century
. Transaction 1991
ISBN
0-88738-417-X
. Table 5A
- ↑
Eiji Murashima, "The Commemorative Character of Thai Historiography: The 1942?43 Thai Military Campaign in the Shan States Depicted as a Story of National Salvation and the Restoration of Thai Independence"
Modern Asian Studies
, v40, n4 (2006) pp. 1053?96, p. 1057n:
- ↑
Michael Clodfelter.
Warfare and Armed Conflicts ? A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500?2000. 2nd Ed. 2002
ISBN
0-7864-1204-6
. p. 556.
- ↑
Statistics of Democide: Chapter 13: Death By American Bombing
,
RJ Rummel
, University of Hawaii.
- ↑
Werner Gruhl, Imperial Japan's World War Two, 1931?1945 Transaction 2007
ISBN
978-0-7658-0352-8
p. 19
- ↑
E. Bruce Reynolds, "Aftermath of Alliance: The Wartime Legacy in Thai-Japanese Relations",
Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
, v21, n1, March 1990, pp. 66?87. "An
OSS
document (XL 30948, RG 226, USNA) quotes Thai Ministry of Interior figures of 8,711 air raids deaths in 1944?45 and damage to more than 10,000 buildings, most of them totally destroyed. However, an account by
M. R. Seni Pramoj
(a typescript entitled 'The Negotiations Leading to the Cessation of a State of War with Great Britain' and filed under
Papers on World War II
, at the Thailand Information Center, Chulalongkorn University, p. 12) indicates that only about 2,000 Thai died in air raids."
- ↑
Williamson Murray, Allan R. Millett
A War to be Won: Fighting the Second World War
, Harvard University Press, 2001, p. 143
- ↑
"MacArthur orders end of Shinto as Japanese state religion"
.
HISTORY.com
. Retrieved
1 December
2015
.
?????? ??????????
[
?????????
]
- Dean, Peter J.
McArthur's Coalition: US and Australian operations in the Southwest Pacific Area, 1942-1945
( University Press of Kansas, 2018)
- Werner Gruhl (31 December 2011).
Imperial Japan's World War Two: 1931?1945
. Transaction Publishers.
ISBN
978-1-4128-0926-9
.
- Judge, Sean M. et al.
The Turn of the Tide in the Pacific War: Strategic Initiative, Intelligence, and Command, 1941-1943
(University Press of Kansas, 2018)
????? ????????
[
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]