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https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann

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??????? ?????????	Naturalism
??????????? ???(??)	The Weavers , Die Ratten
????????	???????????????? ???? ??????? 1912

????????? ??????????? (Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann), 1912-?? ???????????????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? (????: 1862 ????? 15- ????: 1946 ??? 6). ???????????, ??????????? ???, ????? ?????, ????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????, ?? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????.

??????? , ??????????? , ??? , ????? , ??????????? ????????????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????????? ??????????? ?????, ??, ????, ????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????????. ????????????????? ???????????? ??????????????, ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????????????????. ???????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ???????????????????????.

???????????????? ???? ??????? : ???????? (1901-1925)

1901: ??????? | 1902: ????? | 1903: ????? | 1904: ????????? , ?????????? | 1905: ???????????? | 1906: ????????? | 1907: ????????? | 1908: ??????? | 1909: ???????? | 1910: ?????? | 1911: ????????????? | 1912: ??????? | 1913: ????? | 1915: ??????? | 1916: ??????????? | 1917: ??????????? , ???????????? | 1919: ??????????? | 1920: ????? | 1921: ???????? | 1922: ????????? | 1923: ???????? | 1924: ????????? | 1925: ??

?????? ?????? | ???????? (1926-1950) | ???????? (1951-1975) | ???????? (1976-2000) | ???????? (2001- )

? ? ?? ???????????????? ???? ??????????????
1901?1925	?????? ??????? (1901) ??????? ?????? (1902) ???????????? ??????? (1903) ????????? ???????? / ???? ??????????? (1904) ????????? ????????????? (1905) ???????? ????????? (1906) ????????? ????????? (1907) ??????? ??????????? ??????? (1908) ?????? ????????? (1909) ??? ?????? (1910) ?????? ???????????? (1911) ????????? ??????????? (1912) ???????????? ????? (1913) ????? ??????? (1915) ????? ??? ???????????? (1916) ??? ??????????? / Henrik Pontoppidan (1917) ??? ??????????? (1919) ???????? ????? (1920) Anatole France (1921) Jacinto Benavente (1922) W. B. Yeats (1923) Władysław Reymont (1924) ??????? ??????? ?? (1925)
1926?1950	??????? ????? (1926) ????? ???????? (1927) ???????? ???????? (1928) ????? ??? (1929) Sinclair Lewis (1930) Erik Axel Karlfeldt (1931) ??? ???????????? (1932) ???? ????? (1933) ???? ??????????? (1934) ????? ? ??? (1936) Roger Martin du Gard (1937) ??? ???. ????? (1938) Frans Eemil Sillanpaa (1939) Johannes V. Jensen (1944) ????????? ????????? (1945) ????? ?????? (1946) Andre Gide (1947) ??.???. ???????? (1948) ?????? ?????? (1949) ?????????? ????? (1950)
1951?1975	Par Lagerkvist (1951) Francois Mauriac (1952) ????????? ??????? (1953) ???????? ????????? (1954) ?????? ???????? (1955) Juan Ramon Jimenez (1956) ????? ?????? (1957) ?????? ???????????? (1958) Salvatore Quasimodo (1959) Saint-John Perse (1960) Ivo Andri? (1961) ??? ??????????????? (1962) Giorgos Seferis (1963) ???-??? ??????? (????????? ?????????) (1964) ??????? ?????????? (1965) ????? ??????? ????? / ?????? ???? (1966) Miguel Angel Asturias (1967) ??????? ??????? (1968) ?????? ????????? (1969) ?????????? ?????????????? (1970) ?????? ????? (1971) Heinrich Boll (1972) Patrick White (1973) Eyvind Johnson / Harry Martinson (1974) Eugenio Montale (1975)
1976?2000	Saul Bellow (1976) Vicente Aleixandre (1977) Isaac Bashevis Singer (1978) Odysseas Elytis (1979) ???? ??? ?????? (1980) Elias Canetti (1981) ???????? ????? ????????? (1982) ?????? ???????? (1983) Jaroslav Seifert (1984) Claude Simon (1985) ??? ??????? (1986) ????? ?????????? (1987) ????? ??????? (1988) ?????? ???? ???? (1989) ????????? ???? (1990) ???? ??????? (1991) Derek Walcott (1992) ???? ?????? (1993) Kenzabur? ?e (1994) ????? ???? (1995) Wisława Szymborska (1996) Dario Fo (1997) Jose Saramago (1998) ?????? ?????? (1999) Gao Xingjian (2000)
2001?present	??.???. ????? (2001) Imre Kertesz (2002) ??.??.???????? (2003) ??????? ???????? (2004) ???????? ?????? (2005) ????? ???????? (2006) ?????? ????????? (2007) ??.??.??. ?? ???????? (2008) ???? ?????? (2009) ?????? ?????? ????? (2010) ?????? ????????????? (2011) ?? ??? (2012) ????? ???? (2013) ???????? ???????? (2014) ?????????? ??????????????? (2015) ???? ???? (2016) ????? ??????? (2017) ??? ??????????? (2018) ?????? ???????? (2019) ?????? ?????? (2020) ??????????? ???? (2021) ??? ???? (2022) ??? ????? ????? (2023)