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https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_(moon)

Ganymede

Image taken by the Galileo probe
?????????
????????????	??????? ????? S. Marius
?????????? ?????	January 7, 1610 [1] [2] [3]
??????????
????? ??????	Jupiter III
Adjectives	Ganymedian, Ganymedean
??????????????? ?????????
Periapsis	1,069,200 km [b]
Apoapsis	1,071,600 km [a]
??????????????? ?????? ???	1,070,400 km [4]
???????????????	0.0013 [4]
??????????????????	7.15455296  d [4]
Average ????????????	10.880 km/s
??????	0.20° (to Jupiter's equator) [4]
??????????	Jupiter
????? ?????????
?????? ???	2634.1 ± 0.3 km (0.413 Earths) [5]
?????? ???????????	87.0 million  km 2 (0.171 Earths) [c]
????????	7.6 × 10 10   km 3 (0.0704 Earths) [d]
??????	1.4819 × 10 23 kg (0.025 Earths) [5]
?????? ????????	1.936  g / cm 3 [5]
????? ?????????????	1.428  m/s 2 (0.146 g ) [e]
????????? ???????	2.741 km/s [f]
Rotation period	synchronous
Axial tilt	0–0.33° Bills, Bruce G. (2005). "Free and forced obliquities of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter" . Icarus . 175 : 233?247. doi : 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.028 . </ref>
??????	0.43 ± 0.02 [6]
?????? ?????? min mean max K 70 [7] 110 [7] 152 [8]
????? ??????????	4.61 ( opposition ) [6]
??????????
??????????? ??????	trace
??? (?????????????????)	??????? [9]

???????????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? (Ganymede). ???????????? 1610 ?????? 7 -??? ???????? ????????????. ??? , ??????????? , ??????? ?????????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????.

???????????? ?????? ??? 2634 ??????????????, ??? ???????? ?????????? 0.413 ????????. ^{[1] [2] [3]} ???????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????????? 8% ??????????? ^[10] . 5268 ????????????? ??????????? ?????? .

????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ????????. ?????? ????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???????????????????? . ??????? ????????????? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????????????????? .???????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????????? ???????????? ??? . ???????????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ?????. ???????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????. ????????????????? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????. 1972? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????????? . ???? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????. ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????. ????????? ??????? ????????????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????????? ???????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ???????????????????????? ? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ( radiolysis, ). ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???????????????? ????????. ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????????????????? . ???????????????? ?????????????????????? ?????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ??????? ???????? .

?????? [ ????????? ]

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1} Galilei, Galileo (1610). "Sidereus Nuncius" (PDF) . University of Oklahoma History of Science. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2005-12-20 . Retrieved 2010-01-13 . {{ cite web }} : Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored ( |author= suggested) ( help ) ; Unknown parameter |month= ignored ( help )
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1} Wright, Ernie. "Galileo's First Observations of Jupiter" (pdf) . University of Oklahoma History of Science . Retrieved 2010-01-13 .
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1} "NASA: Ganymede" . Archived from the original on 2015-11-07 . Retrieved 2010-01-15 .
4. ↑ ^{4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3} "Planetary Satellite Mean Orbital Parameters" . Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology.
5. ↑ ^{5.0 5.1 5.2} Showman, Adam P. (1999). "The Galilean Satellites" (PDF) . Science . 286 (5437): 77?84. doi : 10.1126/science.286.5437.77 . PMID   10506564 . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-14 . Retrieved 2010-01-15 . {{ cite journal }} : Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored ( |author= suggested) ( help )
6. ↑ ^{6.0 6.1} Yeomans, Donald K. (2006-07-13). "Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters" . JPL Solar System Dynamics . Retrieved 2007-11-05 .
7. ↑ ^{7.0 7.1} Delitsky, Mona L. (1998). "Ice chemistry of Galilean satellites" (PDF) . J.of Geophys. Res . 103 (E13): 31, 391?31, 403. doi : 10.1029/1998JE900020 . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04 . Retrieved 2010-01-15 . {{ cite journal }} : Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored ( |author= suggested) ( help )
8. ↑ Orton, G.S. (1996). "Galileo Photopolarimeter-radiometer observations of Jupiter and the Galilean Satellites" . Science . 274 : 389?391. doi : 10.1126/science.274.5286.389 . {{ cite journal }} : Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored ( |author= suggested) ( help )
9. ↑ Hall, D.T. (1998). "The Far-Ultraviolet Oxygen Airglow of Europa and Ganymede" . The Astrophysical Journal . 499 : 475?481. doi : 10.1086/305604 . {{ cite journal }} : Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored ( |author= suggested) ( help )
10. ↑ http://www.nineplanets.org/ganymede.html

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