????????

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*Andalucia* (in Spanish)
???????? ; Andalucia (in Spanish)
Autonomous Community
	?? ????????
; Flag	; Coat of arms
	?????????: La bandera blanca y verde
	Location of Andalusia within Spain
Country	Spain
Capital	Seville
?????????????
? ????????	Junta de Andalucia
? President	Jose Antonio Grinan ( PSOE )
??????????? (17.2% of Spain)
? ???	87,268 ?.??.??. (33,694 ? ??)
???????	2nd
??????? (2009)
? ???	83,70,975
? ??????	1st
? ??????????	96/?.??.??.(250/? ??)
? Percent	17.84% of Spain
Demonym(s)	andaluz (m), andaluza (f)
Demonym
ISO 3166-2	AN
Official languages	Spanish
Statute of Autonomy	December 30, 1981, ; 2002 (statute revised), ; 2007 (revised again)
Parliament	Cortes Generales
Congress	62 deputies (of 350)
Senate	40 senators (of 264)
??????????	www .juntadeandalucia .es

???????? ??????

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andalusia

????????? ?????? ????????? ????????????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????????????? ?? ???????? ( ???? : ??????????? ‬ ) ^[3]. ? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ???????. ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????????????????? ? ??????? ???????????? ????? ????????????? ??????????????????????????. ?.??. ?????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????????????????????? ? ??????????????????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????????????????? ?????????. ????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????????????????. ??? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ^[4] ???????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????????????? ?????? ^[5]^[6]^[7]. 711-? ???????? ???????? ?????????? 1492-? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????????????????? ^[8]^[9]^[10].

????????? ??????? [ ????????? ]

?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????????? ???????? (?.??. 8-?? ??????????) ?????? ?????? ??????????. ???????????????? ??????? ??????????????, ????????, ??????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????????????? ??????????? ??????????. ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? 710 ??????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????. ? ??????????????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????? 711 ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????. ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????, ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????????? (711 ???? 19); ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????????. ????????????? ???? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????. ? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????. ??????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?????????????????.

???????? ??????????? (????) ????? ???????? ???????. ? ???????????? ????? ????????????????????????? ?????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????.

????????? ???????? [ ????????? ]

?????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? (????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????) ????????????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ????? ????????????? (756 ???? 15). ????????? ???????????????????????? ?????? 100 ??????????????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????????????? ?? ????????????? ??????????????????. ?????? ?????? II ??? ? ????????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????. ????????????? ??????????????? ???????? ????????? ???????????????????????????.

?????? ?????? III-???? 50 ???????????? ???? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????. ?????????????? ??????? (961 ????? 4) ??????? II ???????????; ?????????????? ??????? ????????????????????. ????? ??????, ??????????? ????? (Ornament of the World) ???? ??????????? ???????? ????????. ?????????????????? ?????? ????????????????? ??????. ???????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????? (???????? ????? ??? ????) ?????????. ??????? ???? ???????? ?????????????? ????????????????????. ????????????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????????? (1002 ???????? 9). ???????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????????. ???????????????????? ?????? ????????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????.

???????????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????????????????????? ????? ????? ?????????????????? ????????????? ?????, ??????, ??????, ??????, ?????? ?????? ????????????????????????.

11-?? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???? ?????????????????.

??????? VI (1042-1109) ???????????? ? ???????????? ??????????????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????????? ????? ?????????? ??????????????? (?? ?????????) ????? ???????????. ???? ?????? ????? ???????, ??????????? ???????????????. ??????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????????????????? ?????????. ????? ???? ??????? ??????? (????????) ??????????? (????????) ???????????????????????.

???????????? [ ????????? ]

?????? ?????: ?????????? ??????????

??????????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ????????????????? ???????????; ??????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????? (1118). ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ???????? (?????????)????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????. ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????????? ???????????. ????? ??????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ????????.

?????????? [ ????????? ]

12-?? ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????????????. 100 ???????????????? ??? ??????????? ??????????????. ?????? ??????????????????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ??????????????????????. ??????????? ??????? VIII (1155-1214) ??????????? ???????????? ????. ??????????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? 1194 ????? ?????????? ????????????????? ? ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????. 15 ?????????????? ????? ??????????????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????. 1212 ???? 17-? ??????????????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????????.

????????? [ ????????? ]

?????? 250 ???? ?????? ????????? ??????????????????????????????????. ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????????????? ????????? ?? ????????????? ???????????????????????. ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? I ????????????? 1238-? ?????? ??????????????????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ????? ????????????????????? ?????????????????? ??? ?????????. ??????????? ????????? I-??????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??????? X (1221-84)??????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????. ?????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????????????????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????????????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????? ???? ???????????????????. ?????? ???????? ????????????????, ?????????????????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????. 1340-? ?????????? ???? ??? ????????????????????? ?????????????????. ?????? ????????????????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????????????? ???????????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????. 15-?? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????????? ??????? ???????????????; 1492 ?????? 3-?? ????????? ???????????????. ???????????? ????? ????????????????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????????????? ???????????. ????? ???????????? (??????? ???????) ????????????? ??????????.

???????????? [ ????????? ]

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???????? [ ????????? ]

?????? [ ????????? ]

↑ "Official Population Figures of Spain. Population on the 1 January 2009" (PDF) . Instituto Nacional de Estadistica de Espana . Retrieved 2009-06-03 .
↑ Magone, Jose (2008). Contemporary Spanish Politics . Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780415421898 .
↑ Camilo Gomez-Rivas (21 November 2014). Law and the Islamization of Morocco under the Almoravids: The Fatw?s of Ibn Rushd al-Jadd to the Far Maghrib . Brill. pp. 1, note 3. ISBN 978-90-04-27984-1 .
↑ Fernando Luis Corral (2009). "The Christian Frontier against al-Andalus (Muslim Spain): concept and politics during the reigns of King Fernando I of Castile and Leon and his successors until 1230" . In Natalie Fryde; Dirk Reitz (eds.). Walls, Ramparts, and Lines of Demarcation: Selected Studies from Antiquity to Modern Times . LIT Verlag Munster. p. 67. ISBN 978-3-8258-9478-8 .
↑ Versteegh, Kees (1990-01-01). "The Arab Presence in France and Switzerland in the 10Th Century". Arabica (in ????????). 37 (3): 359?388. doi : 10.1163/157005890X00041 . ISSN 1570-0585 . JSTOR 4057147 .
↑ Wenner, Manfred W. (August 1980). "The Arab/Muslim Presence in Medieval Central Europe" . International Journal of Middle East Studies (in ????????). 12 (1): 59?79. doi : 10.1017/S0020743800027136 . ISSN 1471-6380 . JSTOR 163627 .
↑ Some authors mention bands penetrating as far north as Sankt Gallen, where they sacked the monastery in 939. Cf. Ekkehard, Casus S. Galli, IV, 15 (pp. 137f); Levi-Provencal (1950:60); Reinaud (1964:149f).
↑ "Para los autores arabes medievales, el termino Al-Andalus designa la totalidad de las zonas conquistadas ? siquiera temporalmente ? por tropas arabo-musulmanas en territorios actualmente pertenecientes a Portugal, Espana y Francia" ("For medieval Arab authors, Al-Andalus designated all the conquered areas ? even temporarily ? by Arab-Muslim troops in territories now belonging to Spain, Portugal and France"), Jose Angel Garcia de Cortazar , V Semana de Estudios Medievales: Najera, 1 al 5 de agosto de 1994 , Gobierno de La Rioja, Instituto de Estudios Riojanos, 1995, p. 52.
↑ Eloy Benito Ruano [in ?????????] (2002). Topicos y realidades de la Edad Media . Real Academia de la Historia. p. 79. ISBN 978-84-95983-06-0 . Los arabes y musulmanes de la Edad Media aplicaron el nombre de Al-Andalus a todas aquellas tierras que habian formado parte del reino visigodo: la Peninsula Iberica y la Septimania ultrapirenaica. ("The Arabs and Muslims from the Middle Ages used the name of al-Andalus for all those lands that were formerly part of the Visigothic kingdom: the Iberian Peninsula and Septimania")
↑ The Oxford Dictionary of Islam . Esposito, John L. New York: Oxford University Press. 2003. doi : 10.1093/acref/9780195125580.001.0001 . ISBN 0195125584 . OCLC 50280143 . {{ cite book }}: CS1 maint: others ( link )

??????????? [ ????????? ]

????????: ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????????????????????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ? ????????? ??????????????????. ??????????????????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ????????????????.

[1] "Official Population Figures of Spain. Population on the 1 January 2009" (PDF) . Instituto Nacional de Estadistica de Espana . Retrieved 2009-06-03 .

[2] Magone, Jose (2008). Contemporary Spanish Politics . Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780415421898 .

[Gómez-Rivas2014-3] Camilo Gomez-Rivas (21 November 2014). Law and the Islamization of Morocco under the Almoravids: The Fatw?s of Ibn Rushd al-Jadd to the Far Maghrib . Brill. pp. 1, note 3. ISBN 978-90-04-27984-1 .

[FrydeReitz2009-4] Fernando Luis Corral (2009). "The Christian Frontier against al-Andalus (Muslim Spain): concept and politics during the reigns of King Fernando I of Castile and Leon and his successors until 1230" . In Natalie Fryde; Dirk Reitz (eds.). Walls, Ramparts, and Lines of Demarcation: Selected Studies from Antiquity to Modern Times . LIT Verlag Munster. p. 67. ISBN 978-3-8258-9478-8 .

[5] Versteegh, Kees (1990-01-01). "The Arab Presence in France and Switzerland in the 10Th Century". Arabica (in ????????). 37 (3): 359?388. doi : 10.1163/157005890X00041 . ISSN 1570-0585 . JSTOR 4057147 .

[6] Wenner, Manfred W. (August 1980). "The Arab/Muslim Presence in Medieval Central Europe" . International Journal of Middle East Studies (in ????????). 12 (1): 59?79. doi : 10.1017/S0020743800027136 . ISSN 1471-6380 . JSTOR 163627 .

[7] Some authors mention bands penetrating as far north as Sankt Gallen, where they sacked the monastery in 939. Cf. Ekkehard, Casus S. Galli, IV, 15 (pp. 137f); Levi-Provencal (1950:60); Reinaud (1964:149f).

[8] "Para los autores arabes medievales, el termino Al-Andalus designa la totalidad de las zonas conquistadas ? siquiera temporalmente ? por tropas arabo-musulmanas en territorios actualmente pertenecientes a Portugal, Espana y Francia" ("For medieval Arab authors, Al-Andalus designated all the conquered areas ? even temporarily ? by Arab-Muslim troops in territories now belonging to Spain, Portugal and France"), Jose Angel Garcia de Cortazar , V Semana de Estudios Medievales: Najera, 1 al 5 de agosto de 1994 , Gobierno de La Rioja, Instituto de Estudios Riojanos, 1995, p. 52.

[Ruano(Spain)2002-9] Eloy Benito Ruano [in ?????????] (2002). Topicos y realidades de la Edad Media . Real Academia de la Historia. p. 79. ISBN 978-84-95983-06-0 . Los arabes y musulmanes de la Edad Media aplicaron el nombre de Al-Andalus a todas aquellas tierras que habian formado parte del reino visigodo: la Peninsula Iberica y la Septimania ultrapirenaica. ("The Arabs and Muslims from the Middle Ages used the name of al-Andalus for all those lands that were formerly part of the Visigothic kingdom: the Iberian Peninsula and Septimania")

[10] The Oxford Dictionary of Islam . Esposito, John L. New York: Oxford University Press. 2003. doi : 10.1093/acref/9780195125580.001.0001 . ISBN 0195125584 . OCLC 50280143 . {{ cite book }}: CS1 maint: others ( link )

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