???????? ??????

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_charge

??????????? (Subatomic Particles) ??????? ????????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????. ^[1] ??????, ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? (??????? ????) ????? ????????????????.

?????? [ ????????? ]

	???????????????
??????????????????????
	??????? ????? · ?????? ????? · ??????????????? · Electric flux · Gauss's law · Electric potential · ?????????????? ??????? · Electric dipole moment · Polarization density
Magnetostatics
	Ampere’s law · ?????????? · ??????????????? · Magnetization · Magnetic flux · Biot?Savart law · Magnetic dipole moment · Gauss's law for magnetism
Electrodynamics
	Free space · Lorentz force law · emf · ????????????????????? · Faraday’s law · Lenz's law · Displacement current · Maxwell's equations · EM field · ??????????????? ??????? · Lienard-Wiechert Potential · Maxwell tensor · Eddy current
Electrical Network
	Electrical conduction · ???????????????? · Capacitance · Inductance · Impedance · Resonant cavities · Waveguides
Covariant formulation
	Electromagnetic tensor · EM Stress-energy tensor · Four-current · Electromagnetic four-potential
???????????
	Ampere · Coulomb · ??????? ????? · ??? ????????? ?????? · Heaviside · Henry · Hertz · ??????????? ?????? · ??????? ????????? ?????????? · ??????? ?????? · Volta · Weber · Ørsted
	? ; ? ; ?? ;

??? ?????????? (Atom) ????????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ?? ????????? (?????), ????????? (?????), ????????? (?????????) ??????????. ????? ???????, ??????? ????????????????. ?????? ??????????? ??? ?????????;????????????? ???, ?????????? .

?????????????, ???????????? (???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????) ??????????????; ????????????? (??-???????? ???????) ?????????????. ??????????????? ??????? ??? ?????????????????????? ??????????????. ?????????????, ???????? ????????????? ??????? ????????????????. ?????, ??????????????????? ?????.

??????????? ?????????? ?????-????????? ?????? ????? (Coulomb's Law) ?????????????. ??????????? ?????????? ???, ?????? ???????????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????,???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????? ?????? ?????.

????????????? (Macroscopic Objects) ???? ???????????, ????????????????????? ????????? ??????????????.??????????, ???????????? ??-???????? ????????????????????????, ?????? ???? ????????????????. ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????????????????????? , ?????? ??? ????????????????????????????, ??? ????????????? (Static Electricity) ???? ????????????. ??????????? ?????? ???? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????????????????????????, ?????? ?????????, ?????????? (Polarised) ????? ?????. ?????????? ???????????????? ?????????? (Bound Charges) ????? ????????????. ???????? ?????? ???????????????? ????????, ??????, ??????????????? (Free Charges) ?????????????????.

?????????????????????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????, ???????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????????????. ??????????? ????????????????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ???????.

???????? ???? ?????? [ ????????? ]

???? ??????? ???? (Q) ???? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ?????. ?????????????????????? (International System of Units) ??????????, ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????????????. ??? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ???????. ??????????, 1.602 176 487(40) × 10 ^?19 ??????? ????? ?????. ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????????. ? ???????, ??? ?????????? -1 ??????????????, ??? ?????????? +1 ?????????????? ??????????????.

?????? ??????? [ ????????? ]

How fast does a charge decay?
Science Aid: Electrostatic charge Easy-to-understand page on electrostatic charge.

?????? [ ????????? ]

↑ Electrical Engineering Handbook; WAI-KAI CHEN

?????????????????? ??????????? ? ????? ????????????. ??? ???????????????? ?????????? .

[1] Electrical Engineering Handbook; WAI-KAI CHEN

[1]