????

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	?????-?????-??????? ????
	Map of France with the Loire highlighted
??????? ????	Leger ( Occitan ) ; Liger ( Breton )
Country	France
Physical characteristics
?????? ?????????	?????? ??????? ; ??????-?????? , ???????? ; 1,408 m (4,619 ft) ; 44°49′48″N 4°13′20″E / 44.83000°N 4.22222°E
???????	????????????? ?????????? ; ??????-????? , ????-????????????? ; 0 m (0 ft) ; 47°16′09″N 2°11′09″W / 47.26917°N 2.18583°W
????	1,012 km (629 mi)
Discharge	Location: ; Montjean-sur-Loire ; Minimum rate: ; 60 m 3 /s (2,100 cu ft/s) ; Average rate: ; 835.3 m 3 /s (29,500 cu ft/s) ; Maximum rate: ; 4,150 m 3 /s (147,000 cu ft/s) ;
????? ???????????
????? ????????	117,000 km 2 (45,000 sq mi)
?????????	Left: ; ??????? , ??? , ??????? , ??????? , ?????? ??????? ; Right: ; ????? , ?????? , ?????? ;
???????? ??????????????
Official name	??????-??-???????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ????
Criteria	Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv)
Reference	933bis
Inscription	2000 (24-?? Session )
Extensions	2017
Area	86,021 ha (212,560 acres)
Buffer zone	213,481 ha (527,520 acres)

???????? ??????

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loire

????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? 171-?????? ????????? ???? . ( / l w ?ːr / , also US : / l u ? ?ːr / , French: [lwa?] ^ⓘ; Occitan : Leger ; Breton : Liger ) ^[4] 1,012 ?????????? (629 ???) ???????? ? ??? 117,054 ?????????? 2 (45,195 ??????? ???) ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????. ^[1] ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????????.

??????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? (???????? ????????) ?????????????? ??? ?????????. ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? 1,350 ?????? (4,430 ???); ??????-???????? ?????? ????????? ( ????????????? ??????? ) ????????????? ??? ????????? ??? ???????????????? ????????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ?????????. ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? , ????? , ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? , ??? , ??????? , ?????? , ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????????.

???? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? 90-40 kya (????? ??????????? ??????) ???? ???????????????? ???????????????. ?????????????? ???????????? (???? 6,000 ???? 4,500 ???) ?????????? ??????? ????????????????? ?????? ??????? (?????? 30 kya) ????????????????. 1500 ???? 500 ???? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????. ???? 600 ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????. ????????????? ??????? ???????????????? ???????? ?????????. ????.??. 56-? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????????. ? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???? ? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????. ????? ????????? (????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????????) ?????????? ?????????? ??????. ? ????????????, ????????? ??????????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????????????? ??????. ^[5]

???? ?????? "??????????? ??????????" ????? ????????????. ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????????????????. ????, ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????????. ????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????????. ^[6] ??????????????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ^[5] ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?????? ?????? ????????????????????????? ?? ????? ??????????????????. ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????????. ^[7]

??????? [ ????????? ]

?????????? ???????? [ ????????? ]

? ?????????? ??????-???????????????????????????? ??????? ????????????????? ??????-???? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????????. ????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ???? "??????-????" ?????????? ???? ?????????? ("??? ????") ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????????????????????. ???? ?????????????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ??????????????.

???????? [ ????????? ]

??. ??. ???????. ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????.
?? ??????? ?? ?? ????, ?????????? ????????? .
' ???-?????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ??? ????, 1988.
???-?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????-??-???? [fr], 1800
?? ???? ????? ??????????, ??. ??. ???????. ???? , 1832, ?????? ?? ??????????-???????? ??? ????????? ??????.

?????? [ ????????? ]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Tockner, Klement; Uehlinger, Urs; Robinson, Christopher T. (2009). Rivers of Europe . Academic Press. p. 183. ISBN 978-0-12-369449-2 . Retrieved 11 April 2011 .
↑ "The Loire at Montjean" . River Discharge Database . Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment. 2010-02-13 . Retrieved 2011-06-30 .
↑ "The Loire at Montjean" . River Discharge Database . Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment. 2010-02-13 . Retrieved 2011-06-30 .
↑ "The Loire" . Encyclopædia Britannica online .
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Nicola Williams; Virginie Boone (1 May 2002). The Loire . Lonely Planet. pp. 9?12, 14, 16?17, 19, 21?22, 24, 26, 27?36, 40?54. ISBN 978-1-86450-358-6 . Retrieved 13 April 2011 .
↑ "Welcome to the Loire Valley" . Western France Tourist Board . Retrieved 13 April 2011 .
↑ "The Loire Valley" (PDF) . Lonely Planet . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-15 . Retrieved 11 March 2011 .

??????????? [ ????????? ]

Williams, Nicola; Boone, Virginie (1 May 2002), The Loire , Lonely Planet, ISBN 978-1-86450-358-6

Garrett, Martin, The Loire: a Cultural History. 2010, Signal Books.

Pays de la Loire, waterways guide No. 10 , Editions du Breil. pp 8?27, for the navigable section (guide in English, French and German)

?????????????? ??????? [ ????????? ]

River Loire guide, places, ports and moorings on the river in the navigable length from the Maine to Saint-Nazaire, by the author of Inland Waterways of France , Imray.
Navigation details for 80 French rivers and canals (French waterways website section)
(in English) Tourist Office Board Loire Valley
(in English) Waterways In Western Loire ? Free Online Travel Brochure ^{[
???????????????? ?????
]}

[TocknerUehlinger2009-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Tockner, Klement; Uehlinger, Urs; Robinson, Christopher T. (2009). Rivers of Europe . Academic Press. p. 183. ISBN 978-0-12-369449-2 . Retrieved 11 April 2011 .

[2] "The Loire at Montjean" . River Discharge Database . Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment. 2010-02-13 . Retrieved 2011-06-30 .

[3] "The Loire at Montjean" . River Discharge Database . Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment. 2010-02-13 . Retrieved 2011-06-30 .

[brit-4] "The Loire" . Encyclopædia Britannica online .

[WilliamsBoone2002-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Nicola Williams; Virginie Boone (1 May 2002). The Loire . Lonely Planet. pp. 9?12, 14, 16?17, 19, 21?22, 24, 26, 27?36, 40?54. ISBN 978-1-86450-358-6 . Retrieved 13 April 2011 .

[Western-6] "Welcome to the Loire Valley" . Western France Tourist Board . Retrieved 13 April 2011 .

[Lonely-7] "The Loire Valley" (PDF) . Lonely Planet . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-15 . Retrieved 11 March 2011 .

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Authority control databases
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Geographic	Pleiades