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???? ( 1807-05-28 ) ???? 28, 1807
Haut-Vully , Switzerland
???? ?????? 14, 1873 (1873-12-14) (?????? 66)
??????? United States
?????? University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
??????????????? Polygenism
????????????(??) Cecilie Braun
Elizabeth Cabot Cary
???????? Alexander , Ida, and Pauline
???????????? Wollaston Medal (1836)
????????? ??????
????????????
?????????? University of Neuchatel
Harvard University
Cornell University
?????? ????? ??????? Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius
????? ?????????? ??????? Ignaz Dollinger , Georges Cuvier , Alexander von Humboldt [1]
??????????? ????????????? William Stimpson , William Healey Dall , Karl Vogt [1]
?????

?????? - ??.???. ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ???? ????? . ???????????????? ???????? ??? ???????????????? ??????????? ????????? 1807 ???? 28-?? ???????. ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?????????????. ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????.

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???????????? ??????? ????????????? ??.??. ???????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?????? 22-?????? ??????? ????? ?????????????. 1830-? ??????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????????????? ??????? (Histroy of the Fresh Water Fishes of Central Europe) ????????? ?????????? ???????????????. ????????????? ??????? ?????????? (Fossil Fishes) ???????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ??????? ????????????? ???? ??????????? (1769-1832) ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????. ???????????????? ???? ?????????? ????? 1832-? ??????????????????????? ???????????? ???? . ????? ???? 1846 ??? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????????????. ???? ???????????? ?????? ????????????????? ??????? 1836-? ????????? ??????????? ???? ?????????. 1840-? ??????????? ???? (Studies of Glaciers) ????????????????.

???????????? ??????? [ ????????? ]

1846-? ??.?????? ?????????????? ???? ??????????????????? ??? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ????????????????. 1848-? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????. ????? ??????? 1851-? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? 1854-? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ??????. 1859-? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ??? ?????????????? ??????? ???????. 1860-? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??????? (Museum of Comparative Zoology) ??????????? ??????? ?????????????; ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????????????. 1861-? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????????. ???????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????????. 1873-? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????.

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???? ?????????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? (1850) ????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????????????. ????????????? ????? (Journey in Brazil) ???????????? ???????????????? ??????? ?????????????????? ??? ????????. ???????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ????? (1835-1910) ?????????????? ?????????.

???????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????????? ????????????? ?????. ????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ??????? ??????. ???????????????????? ???????????? ?????? 1873 ?????? 13-?? ??????? ???????????. ?????? ???? ???????????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??????????????.

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Nicolaas A. Rupke, Alexander von Humboldt: A Metabiography , University of Chicago Press, 2008, p. 54.

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