???????????, ??? ????????? ???????????.
9th-century depiction of
Charlemagne
with popes
Gelasius I
and
Gregory the Great
Castles
, such as
Heidelberg
in Germany, were a prominent feature of the medieval period.
?????????? ???????????, ?????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ?????????????????? ???????????
??????????
(
Middle Ages
, adjectival form:
medieval
or
mediæval
) ????? ????????????.
[1]
476-?
????????? ???? ?????????????????
?????????????? ???????? ???
???????? ???????????
????????? ??? ????????????. ??????? ???? ????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????, ????????????????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????. ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????
[2]
.
?????????
??????? ?????
??????
???????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????
???????????????
??????.
???? ????????????????? ???? ?????????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????????????????. ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????????????????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???????????????????? ??? ???????. ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ????????. ????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ???????? ???????????????????????.
17-?? ???????????? ??????????????? '?????????????' ???? ?????? ???????????. ????????-???? ?????????????? ???????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ??? ? ??????????? ??????. ???????? ???????????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????????????? ???????????. ????????? ??? ?????????????? ?????????????. ?????? ?????????? ???????-?????????? -????????? ????????? ??????? ???????. ? ??????????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????????????????? ????????????? ???????????????. ??? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????. ????????? ????? ??????????? ???? ??????????????????????. ????????????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????????????. ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????????????? ????????????.
- ↑
"???????? ???????"
. Archived from
the original
on 2011-04-17
. Retrieved
2011-05-05
.
- ↑
feodum
- see
The Cyclopedic Dictionary of Law
, by Walter A. Shumaker, George Foster Longsdorf, pg. 365, 1901.
