???????? ??????

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten

74 ???????? ← ????????? → ?????? Mo ↑ W ↓ Sg ??????????????? - ?????? ???????????????
??????
???? , ??????? , ????????	?????????, W, 74
???????	??????? ???????
???????? , ?????? , ????????	6 , 6 , d
Appearance	grayish white, lustrous
?????? ???????? ????	183.84 (1)  g·mol −1
????????? ????????	[ Xe ] 4f 14 5d 4 6s 2
??? ??????????? ????????????	2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
???????????????
Phase	solid
???????? (near r.t. )	19.25  g·cm −3
??????????????? ?????? ????????	17.6  g·cm −3
??????????	3695  K (3422 ° C , 6192 ° F )
??????????	5828  K (5555 ° C , 10031 ° F )
Critical point	13892 K , {{{mpa}}} MPa
???????? ???????	52.31   kJ·mol −1
????????? ???????	806.7   kJ·mol −1
Heat capacity	(25 °C) 24.27  J·mol −1 ·K −1
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 3477 3773 4137 4579 5127 5823
Atomic properties
?????????? ???	cubic body centered
???????????????	6 , 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, ?1 (mildly acidic oxide)
?????????????????????	2.36 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies	1st: 770 kJ/mol
	2nd: 1700 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	135   pm
Atomic radius (calc.)	193  pm
Covalent radius	146  pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering	no data
??????? ?????????	(20 °C) 52.8 n Ω·m
??? ?????	(300 K) 173  W·m −1 ·K −1
Thermal expansion	(25 °C) 4.5  µm·m −1 ·K −1
Speed of sound (thin rod)	( r.t. ) (annealed) 4290   m·s −1
Young's modulus	411  GPa
Shear modulus	161  GPa
Bulk modulus	310  GPa
Poisson ratio	0.28
Mohs hardness	7.5
Vickers hardness	3430  MPa
Brinell hardness	2570  MPa
CAS registry number	7440-33-7
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of ????????? iso NA half-life DM DE ( MeV ) DP 180 W 0.12% 1.8×10 18 y α 2.516 176 Hf 181 W syn 121.2 d ε 0.188 181 Ta 182 W 26.50% W is stable with 108 neutrons 183 W 14.31% W is stable with 109 neutrons 184 W 30.64% W is stable with 110 neutrons 185 W syn 75.1 d β - 0.433 185 Re 186 W 28.43% W is stable with 112 neutrons
?????????

???????? 74 ?? ???????? ????????? . W ??? ??????????????????? ??????? ???????. ??????? ?????? ????? ????????.

???????-??? ???????? ??? ?????????. ?????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ???????????. ????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????. ?????? ????????????????? ?????????? ????????? (??????? ??????????????????????????? ??? ??????) ?????????? ????????? ??????. ???????????? , ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ? ????? ????????????????.

??????????????? [ ????????? ]

1751? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????????? ??? ????? ???? ?????????. ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ????????. ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ? ?????????? ??????. ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????????????? ??????? ? ??? ????????????. ? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????????????????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????????????. ????????? ? ???? ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????. Ca W O ₄ ???? ? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????????. ?????? ??? ????????????, ?????????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ?????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ? ???????? ???????????????. ??????? ????????? W ??? ??????????????????? ????????.

????? ??????? [ ????????? ]

???????? ???????? ????????? ???????-??? ???????? ??? ???????. ??? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????????. ???????? ????????????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????. ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????????????. ??????????????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????????????.

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??????? , ????? , ?????? ???????????????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????????.

????????????? [ ????????? ]

????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ( ¹⁸⁰ W, ¹⁸² W, ¹⁸³ W, ¹⁸⁴ W, ¹⁸⁶ W). ????????????????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ????? 72-????(????????) ??????????? ??????????????, ????? ¹⁸⁰ W-???? ???????? ((1.8 ± 0.2)×10 ¹⁸ ???????) ??????? ???????????????? ????????????????????????????. ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????????? ???????????. ?????? ?????????????? ?????????????????????????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ??????????????????.

¹⁸² W, T _1/2 > 8.3×10 ¹⁸ ???????

¹⁸³ W, T _1/2 > 29×10 ¹⁸ ???????

¹⁸⁴ W, T _1/2 > 13×10 ¹⁸ ???????

¹⁸⁶ W, T _1/2 > 27×10 ¹⁸ ???????

???????????? [ ????????? ]

?????????????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? +6 ???. ???????? -2 ???? +6 ???????? ????? ????????????????? ? ????? ???????????????????. ????????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??????? (WO ₃ ) ???????????. ??? ???? ?????????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? (WO ₄ ^2? ) ???????????.

????????? [ ????????? ]

???? ?????? ??????????????????? (?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????) ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ?? ????????????? ????????? ??????????????.(????, ?????? ?? ??????, ?????? ?????? ?????????, ????????????, ????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ??????????)

???????? [ ????????? ]

????????? ????? ???????????? ( ??????? - ???????? ?????????????, FeW O ₄ /MnWO ₄ ), ???????? ( ???????? ?????????????, (CaWO ₄ ), ??????????? , ??????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????. ? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??? (??? ??????????????? ?????? 57%), ???? , ???????? , ??????? ????? ?????????????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ^{[ ?????? ????????? ]} .