???-?????????? ??????

Sino-Vietnamese War ; (Third Indochina War)
	??????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????
	; 1979 ????????? 23-?? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????????
?????	17 February – 16 March 1979 ; (3 ???? and 6 ?????)
?????	China?Vietnam border
???	* Chinese withdrawal from Vietnam Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia ended in 1989. ; Continuation of border clashes between China and Vietnam until 1990 ;
Territorial ; changes	Small loss of Vietnamese territory along Sino-Vietnamese border to China in Cao B?ng and L?ng S?n Provinces , namely Nam Quan Gate and half of B?n Gi?c Falls .
?????????? ?????????????????????
China	Vietnam
????????? ????? ??????????
Deng Xiaoping ; Ye Jianying ; Xu Xiangqian ; Yang Dezhi ; Xu Shiyou	Le Du?n ; Ton đ?c Th?ng ; V?n Ti?n D?ng ; đam Quang Trung ; V? L?p
?????
Chinese claim: 200,000 PLA with 400?550 tanks ; Vietnamese claim: 600,000 PLA infantry and 400 tanks from Kunming and Guangzhou Military Districts	70,000?100,000 regular force, 150,000 local troops and militia
???????????
; 6,954?8,531 killed (Chinese military source) ; 14,800?21,000 wounded ; Vietnamese claim: 62,000 casualties, including 26,000 deaths. ; 238 prisoners ; 420 Tanks/APCs destroyed ; 66 Heavy Mortars & Guns destroyed	Chinese estimate: 30,000 ?57,000 soldiers killed and 70,000 militias killed. ; A Chinese source estimates 50,000 casualties ; 1,636 prisoners ; 185 Tanks/APCs destroyed ; 200 Heavy Mortars & Guns destroyed ; 6 Missile Stations destroyed

???-?????????? ?????? ( Chi?n tranh bien gi?i Vi?t-Trung ; ????????? ?????? : 中越?? ; ????????? ?????? : 中越戰爭 ; ?????? : Zh?ng-Yue Zhanzh?ng ) 1979-???? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ????? ?????????????????. ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????????????. ?????????? 1978-? ?????????? ????????? ??????????????????????? ??? ????????????? ???????????. ??????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????????????????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????????????. ^[17] ??????? ????????????? ????????????? “????????? ?????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ??????????“ ???? ?????????? ?????????????. ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???. ^[18] “????????? ????????????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????“ ????? ?????????? ???????????????????????. ^[19]

??????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????????????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????????????? ??????. 1979 ??????? 6-?? ??????????????????? ????? ??????????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????. ??????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????????????. ?????????? ?????? 1989 ??? ?????????? ????????. ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????????. ????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????????.

????????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????????????? ???????????????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????????????? ????? ??????????? ????????. ^[20] ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????????????????? 15 ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ? ??????? ?????????????????????????????.

???????????? [ ????????? ]

?????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????????. 344.6 ???? ????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ????????. ??? 1979?80 ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ??????????????????. ^[21] ??????????????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????????. 1979-? 8,000 ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????? "????? ?????????? ???????????????" ??????????. ??????? ??????????????????? ????? ????????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ??? ???? ??????????????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ??????. 1979-? ????????????????? ???????????? 20,468 ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????. ^[22]

?????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ? ???????????????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????. ??????? ???????? , ????????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? , ??? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ????????. ????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ????????. ??? ?????????????? ????? ??????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????????? ??????. ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? . ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ??????????. ^[23] ??? ????????????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ???????????????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????????? ???????. ^[24]

??????? [ ????????? ]

??? 1,636 ?????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????????. ??????????????? ????? 238 ???????? ??????????????????????.1979 ????-??? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????????????. ^[13]^[14]

????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? [ ????????? ]

???????????? ?????? 1980-?? ?????? ????????. 1984 ???????? ???????? ??? ???????????????????. 1988-?? ????? ?????? ???????????????? ???????. ???????????? ???????? ??????????????????? ???. ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ????????????????.

???????????????? ??????????? ???? 1999-? ?????? ???????????? ??? ???????????????? ?????????. ^[25] ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????. ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ?????????????????????. ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????.

???? ????? [ ????????? ]

?????? [ ????????? ]

↑ http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR700/RR768/RAND_RR768.pdf
↑ Nayan Chanda, "End of the Battle but Not of the War", p. 10. Khu v?c co gia tr? t??ng tr?ng tinh th?n nh?t la kho?ng 300m đ??ng xe l?a gi?a H?u Ngh? Quan va tr?m ki?m soat bien gi?i Vi?t Nam.
↑ Nguyen, Can Van. "Sino-Vietnamese Border Issues" . NGO Realm . Archived from the original on 2014-08-31 . Retrieved 6 October 2014 .
↑ Nguyen, Can Van. "INTERVIEW ON TERRITORY AND TERRITORIAL WATERS" . vlink.com . Archived from the original on 2015-01-12 . Retrieved 6 October 2014 .
↑ Zygmunt Czarnotta and Zbigniew Moszuma?ski, Altair Publishing, Warszawa 1995, ISBN 83-86217-16-2
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Zhang Xiaoming, " China's 1979 War with Vietnam: A Reassessment" , China Quarterly , Issue no. 184 (December 2005), pp. 851?874. Actually are thought to have been 200,000 with 400 ? 550 tanks. Zhang writes that: "Existing scholarship tends towards an estimate of as many as 25,000 PLA killed in action and another 37,000 wounded. Recently available Chinese sources categorize the PLA’s losses as 6,594 dead and some 21,000 injured, giving a total of 24,000 casualties from an invasion force of 200,000."
↑ http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/prc-vietnam.htm
↑ King V. Chen (1987): China's War With Vi?t Nam, 1979. Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, page 103
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 《?越自?反?作?工作??》Work summary on counter strike (1979?1987) published by The rear services of Chinese Kunming Military Region
↑ China at War: An Encyclopedia , p. 413, at ????? ??????
↑ Russell D. Howard, INSS Occasional Paper 28: Regional Security Series , USAF Institute for National Security Studies, USAF Academy, September 1999 ^{[
???????????????? ?????
]}
↑ ^12.0 ^12.1 Tonnesson, B?i Stein (2010). Vietnam 1946: How the War Began . University of California Press. p. 2 . ISBN 9780520256026 .
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 Chan, Gerald (1989). China and international organizations: participation in non-governmental organizations since 1971 (illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 80. ISBN 0195827384 .
↑ ^14.0 ^14.1 ^14.2 Military Law Review, Volumes 119-122 . Vol. Volumes 27-100 of DA pam. Contributors United States. Dept. of the Army, Judge Advocate General's School (United States. Army). Headquarters, Department of the Army. 1988. p. 72. {{ cite book }}: |volume= has extra text ( help ) CS1 maint: others ( link )
↑ ^15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 ^15.3 ^15.4 ???????????? ?????: ???????? <ref> ????; digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu ???? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????????.
↑ Vietnam , p. 158, at ????? ??????
↑ Concerning US backing, as Henry Kissinger in "On China" (p. 372) noted that "American ideals had encountered the imperatives of geopolitical reality".
↑ Kissinger, H. On China, Penguin, New York, p.346
↑ Kissinger, H. On China, Penguin, New York, p. 370. ^{[
?????? ?????????
]}
↑ Elleman, Bruce A. (2001). Modern Chinese Warfare, 1795-1989 . Routledge. p. 297 . ISBN 0415214742 .
↑ "China "Should Learn from its Losses" in the War against Vietnam" from "August 1" Radio, People's republic of China, 1400 GMT, February 17, 1980, as reported by BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 22 February 1980
↑ Balazs Szalontai, Hoang V?n Hoan va v? thanh tr?ng sau 1979. BBC Vietnam, April 15, 2010: http://www.bbc.co.uk/vietnamese/vietnam/2010/04/100415_hoangvanhoan.shtml .
↑ MacFarquhar, Roderick (1991). The People's Republic, Part 2 . The Cambridge History of China . Cambridge University Press . pp. 447?449.
↑ French, Howard W. (March 1, 2005). "Was the War Pointless? China Shows How to Bury It" . The New York Times . Retrieved 28 February 2009 .
↑ "China-Vietnam pact signed" . BBC News. 2000-12-25 . Retrieved 2014-02-16 .

???????????????? ??????? [ ????????? ]

Global Security Analysis of the Sino-Vietnamese War
Order of Battle Archived 2016-03-10 at the Wayback Machine .
Air Power in the War Archived 2006-10-05 at the Wayback Machine .
G.D.Bakshi : The Sino-Vietnam War ? 1979: Case Studies in Limited Wars Archived 2004-12-08 at the Wayback Machine .
[1]

?????? ???????? [ ????????? ]

外??家点?中??越自?反??的?略?? (The PLA's war strategy and tactic in the eye of western experts) Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine .
?越自?反??：我?大量?亡原因分析 Archived 2016-05-06 at the Wayback Machine .

[1] ttp://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR700/RR768/RAND_RR768.pdf

[2] Nayan Chanda, "End of the Battle but Not of the War", p. 10. Khu v?c co gia tr? t??ng tr?ng tinh th?n nh?t la kho?ng 300m đ??ng xe l?a gi?a H?u Ngh? Quan va tr?m ki?m soat bien gi?i Vi?t Nam.

[Nguyen-3] Nguyen, Can Van. "Sino-Vietnamese Border Issues" . NGO Realm . Archived from the original on 2014-08-31 . Retrieved 6 October 2014 .

[NVC-4] Nguyen, Can Van. "INTERVIEW ON TERRITORY AND TERRITORIAL WATERS" . vlink.com . Archived from the original on 2015-01-12 . Retrieved 6 October 2014 .

[5] Zygmunt Czarnotta and Zbigniew Moszuma?ski, Altair Publishing, Warszawa 1995, ISBN 83-86217-16-2

[Zhang_Xiaoming-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Zhang Xiaoming, " China's 1979 War with Vietnam: A Reassessment" , China Quarterly , Issue no. 184 (December 2005), pp. 851?874. Actually are thought to have been 200,000 with 400 ? 550 tanks. Zhang writes that: "Existing scholarship tends towards an estimate of as many as 25,000 PLA killed in action and another 37,000 wounded. Recently available Chinese sources categorize the PLA’s losses as 6,594 dead and some 21,000 injured, giving a total of 24,000 casualties from an invasion force of 200,000."

[7] ttp://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/prc-vietnam.htm

[8] King V. Chen (1987): China's War With Vi?t Nam, 1979. Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, page 103

[mil.chinaiiss.org-9] 9.0 ^9.1 《?越自?反?作?工作??》Work summary on counter strike (1979?1987) published by The rear services of Chinese Kunming Military Region

[China-10] China at War: An Encyclopedia , p. 413, at ????? ??????

[11] Russell D. Howard, INSS Occasional Paper 28: Regional Security Series , USAF Institute for National Security Studies, USAF Academy, September 1999 ^{[
???????????????? ?????
]}

[Tonnesson-12] 12.0 ^12.1 Tonnesson, B?i Stein (2010). Vietnam 1946: How the War Began . University of California Press. p. 2 . ISBN 9780520256026 .

[Chan-13] 13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 Chan, Gerald (1989). China and international organizations: participation in non-governmental organizations since 1971 (illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 80. ISBN 0195827384 .

[Military_Law_Review-14] 14.0 ^14.1 ^14.2 Military Law Review, Volumes 119-122 . Vol. Volumes 27-100 of DA pam. Contributors United States. Dept. of the Army, Judge Advocate General's School (United States. Army). Headquarters, Department of the Army. 1988. p. 72. {{ cite book }}: |volume= has extra text ( help ) CS1 maint: others ( link )

[digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu-15] 15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 ^15.3 ^15.4 ???????????? ?????: ???????? <ref> ????; digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu ???? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????????.

[16] Vietnam , p. 158, at ????? ??????

[17] Concerning US backing, as Henry Kissinger in "On China" (p. 372) noted that "American ideals had encountered the imperatives of geopolitical reality".

[18] Kissinger, H. On China, Penguin, New York, p.346

[19] Kissinger, H. On China, Penguin, New York, p. 370. ^{[
?????? ?????????
]}

[auto-20] Elleman, Bruce A. (2001). Modern Chinese Warfare, 1795-1989 . Routledge. p. 297 . ISBN 0415214742 .

[PRC-analysis-21] "China "Should Learn from its Losses" in the War against Vietnam" from "August 1" Radio, People's republic of China, 1400 GMT, February 17, 1980, as reported by BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 22 February 1980

[22] Balazs Szalontai, Hoang V?n Hoan va v? thanh tr?ng sau 1979. BBC Vietnam, April 15, 2010: http://www.bbc.co.uk/vietnamese/vietnam/2010/04/100415_hoangvanhoan.shtml .

[23] MacFarquhar, Roderick (1991). The People's Republic, Part 2 . The Cambridge History of China . Cambridge University Press . pp. 447?449.

[24] French, Howard W. (March 1, 2005). "Was the War Pointless? China Shows How to Bury It" . The New York Times . Retrieved 28 February 2009 .

[25] "China-Vietnam pact signed" . BBC News. 2000-12-25 . Retrieved 2014-02-16 .

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? ? ?? ?????????
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