???????? ??????

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore64

??????? 64

Manufacturer	Commodore Business Machines (CBM)
???	Home computer
????????????? ?????	???????? 1982 ; 41 years ago  ( 1982-08 ) [1]
???????? ???	US$595 (equivalent to $1,454 in 2020)
???????????????	?????? 1994  ( 1994-04 )
????? ??????????	12.5 [2] ? 17 [3] million
????????????? ????????	Commodore KERNAL / Commodore BASIC 2.0 GEOS (optionally)
??.??.??	MOS Technology 6510 / 8500 @ 1.023 MHz ( NTSC version) @ 0.985 MHz ( PAL version)
???????	64 KB (65,536 bytes) RAM + 20 KB ROM
??????????	VIC-II ( 320 × 200 , 16 colors , sprites , raster interrupt )
????????????	2× CIA 6526 joystick , Power , ROM cartridge , RF , A/V , CBM-488 floppy - printer , digital tape , GPIO / RS-232
??????????	Commodore VIC-20 Commodore MAX Machine
???????? ??????	Commodore 128

1982 ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? 8-?????? ??? ?????????????? ??????? 64 , ??64 ?????????? ??????64 (1982 ?????? 7-10, ???? ???????? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ?????????). ????????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ??? ?????????????????????? ^[4] , ????????? ?????????????? 10 ???? 17 ??????? ?????????? ??? ???????????????????? ^[5] . ?????? ???????? 1982 ???? ??????????? ?????????, ????????? 595 ????? ??????? ????????????? (2018 ? 1,545 ??????? ?????????). ??????? ?????-20, ??????? ????? ^[6] ???????????? ???????????? ??64 ??????? 64 ?????????? (65,536 ????????) ????? ???????? ???? ????????????. ?????? ??? ??????????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????????, ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????????? ?????????????????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??64-? ??????????? ??????.

1980 ???? ??-64 ??-???? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ????????. ??????? ???????? (1983?1986), ??64-?? ????? ???????? 30% ???? 40% ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ??????, ^[7] ?????? ???? ??????????????, ?????? ??????????????, ??????? 8-?????? ?????? ?????????????????. ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???????? 1989 ?? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??????, "??? ????????? ????????????? ????? ???????? 400,000 ?? 64 ?????????????????." ^[8] ???? ????????, ?? 64 ?????? ??????, ???? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????, ?????? ?? 64 ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????????????? ???????.

?????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????64 ???? ???????????? ??? ????. MOS ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????????????????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????????. ????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????? ????????????????? ??? ????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??????????????? ?????????????????. ????? ?????????, ????? ???????????? ??????????????, ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? 64 ???? ???????????????????. ^[9] ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ? ???????????? ?????????????????? ?? 64 ???????????? ??????????????. ??????????? ??????? ???????????????????? ????????? ?? 64 ?? ?????, ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????????????? ??? ??????????????. ^[10] 2011 ?, ???????? ?????? ?????? 17 ?????????????, ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? 87% ??????? ????????? ??????????.

??????? [ ????????? ]

1981 ?????????, ???????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ????(MOS) ?????????, ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????????, ????? ???????? ????????? ???????????????? ??? ?????? ?????????. ???? ????????? ?????-II(VIC-II) (????????????????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????), ???? ????????? ????(SID)(?????????????? ?????? ????????? ??????) ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? 1981 ??????? ???????????. ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ??? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????????. ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????????? ? ??????????? ?????? ????????????????. ???????, ???????? "????" ??????? (????? -20 ?? ???????? ???????????? ???????????????) ???????? "????" ?????? (?????????? ?????????) ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????????, ??? ????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????????????. ?? ?????????? (?????-2 ???? ?????????), ????? ????????? (?????? ????????? ??????) ?????????? ???????????, ???????-20 ???? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????????. ??????? 64 ???? ?????-?????? ??????? (???) ??????????????????? ???????? ?????????????. 64-???????? ???????? ?????-?????? ??????? (DRAM) ???????????? ?????????? 100 ????? ?????????? (2018 ? 232.95 ??????? ?????????) ????????????????, ????? ??? ??????????? ????????????????????, ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????. ????? ???-??????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????, ???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ????????????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????; ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????????????????, ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????????. ???????? ???????? ???????????, ???????????? ??????????, ?????????, ???????? ??????? ????? ???????????????? ?????????? ????? ????????????; 1982 ???????? ?????????????? ???????? (??????) ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????????? ????? ????????(final deadline)???????????.

?????? [ ????????? ]

1. ↑ "World of Commodore Brochure" (PDF) . Pcmuseum.ca . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-03-14 . Retrieved 2017-03-18 .
2. ↑ Steil, Michael (2011-02-01). "How many Commodore 64 computers were really sold?" . Pagetable.com . Archived from the original on 2016-03-06 . Retrieved 2017-03-18 .
3. ↑ Reimer, Jeremy. "Personal Computer Market Share: 1975?2004" . Archived from the original on June 6, 2012 . Retrieved July 17, 2009 .
4. ↑ InfoWorld, 1 Feb. 1982, [1] .
5. ↑ "The Commodore 64, that '80s computer icon, lives again" . Retrieved November 17, 2014 .
6. ↑ "IEEE Spectrum" . March 1985 . Retrieved November 3, 2014 .
7. ↑ Reimer, Jeremy. "Total share: 30 years of personal computer market share figures" . Ars Technica . Retrieved October 10, 2014 .
8. ↑ Naman, Mard (September 1989). "From Atari's Oval Office An Exclusive Interview With Atari President Sam Tramiel" . STart . Vol. 4, no. 2. San Francisco: Antic Publishing. p. 16.
9. ↑ "Impact of the Commodore 64: A 25th Anniversary Celebration" . Computer History Museum. Archived from the original on 2017-10-03 . Retrieved September 13, 2008 .
10. ↑ Swenson, Reid C. (2007). "What is a Commodore Computer? A Look at the Incredible History and Legacy of the Commodore Home Computers" . OldSoftware.Com . Retrieved November 19, 2007 .