????? ??????????

???????? ??????

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerch_Strait

????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? Kerch Strait ( ????? : Керченский пролив, ????????? : Керченська протока, ???????? ??????: Keric bo?azı). ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????, ????????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????????????? ????? ????????????. ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ????? ????????????. 3.1 ?????????? (1.9 ??? ) ???? 15 ?????????? (9.3 ???) ??? ??????? 18 ?????? (59 ???) ??????????? ????? ???????????? ??????. ????? ???????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????. ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????????????????. ?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ????????????????. ????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????. ????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????????. 2003?, 3.8 ?????????? (2.4 ???) ???????? ??? ???? ????????????????????????. ???????????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????????????? ????????? ???? ???????????????. ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????????????.

??????? [ ????????? ]

?????? 35 ?????????? (22 ???) ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? 3.1 ?????????? (1.9 ???) ?????????? ????? ????????????. ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????????? ????? ????????????. ????????? ??????? ?????????????????? ???????? ???? ??????? . ?????????????, ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????????. ??? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????????. ^[1] ???? ??? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????-Cimmerianus Bosporus Cimmerian Strait (Κιμμ?ριο? Β?σπορο?, Kimmerios Bosporos) ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????????????????. ^[2] ?????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????????????????. ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????. ^[3] 1943???? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????????? ?????? 4.8 ?????????? (3.0???) ????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????. 1943 ??? 14?? ????? ??????? (????? ???) ????????? ????????. ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????????? ????? ??? ?????????. ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????????. 1943 ????????????? ??????? ??? ????????????. ^[4]

1944? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????. ????????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ????????????????? ?????????. 1944 ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ????????. ??????, 1945 ?????????????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????. ???????? ????????????????????? ??????????????????. ^[5] 2003? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????????.

2007?? ??????? ????????????? [ ????????? ]

2007 ????? 11 ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????. ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????? 23 ?????? ??????????????? ???????????????????????.. ^[6]

?????? [ ????????? ]

↑ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Minns, Ellis (1911). " Bosporus Cimmerius ". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). ????????????? ????????????? . Vol. 4 (11th ed.). ??????????? ????????? ???????. pp. 286?287. {{ cite encyclopedia }}: Invalid |ref=harv ( help )
↑ Anthon, Charles (1872) "Cimmerii" A Classical Dictionary: Containing an Account of the Principal Proper Names Mentioned in Ancient Authors (4th ed.) p. 349-350 .
↑ Command Magazine, Hitler's Army: The Evolution and Structure of German Forces , Da Capo Press (2003), ISBN 0-306-81260-6 , ISBN 978-0-306-81260-6 , p. 264
↑ Inside the Third Reich by Albert Speer , Chapter 19, pg. 270 (1969, English translation 1970)
↑ Мост через пролив . KERCH.COM.UA (in ?????). KERCH.COM.UA. Archived from the original on 2012-05-10 . Retrieved 22 March 2014 .
↑ (in French) Maree noire: plus de 33.000 t de dechets petroliers ramasses sur les plages du detroit de Kertch, 28 November 2007

[EB1911-1] One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Minns, Ellis (1911). " Bosporus Cimmerius ". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). ????????????? ????????????? . Vol. 4 (11th ed.). ??????????? ????????? ???????. pp. 286?287. {{ cite encyclopedia }}: Invalid |ref=harv ( help )

[2] Anthon, Charles (1872) "Cimmerii" A Classical Dictionary: Containing an Account of the Principal Proper Names Mentioned in Ancient Authors (4th ed.) p. 349-350 .

[3] Command Magazine, Hitler's Army: The Evolution and Structure of German Forces , Da Capo Press (2003), ISBN 0-306-81260-6 , ISBN 978-0-306-81260-6 , p. 264

[4] Inside the Third Reich by Albert Speer , Chapter 19, pg. 270 (1969, English translation 1970)

[5] Мост через пролив . KERCH.COM.UA (in ?????). KERCH.COM.UA. Archived from the original on 2012-05-10 . Retrieved 22 March 2014 .

[6] (in French) Maree noire: plus de 33.000 t de dechets petroliers ramasses sur les plages du detroit de Kertch, 28 November 2007

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