???????? ??????

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontological_argument

?????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ???? (Ontological Argument). ???? ????????? ??????????? ? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????????????????????? ???? 1033-1109) ?????????.

?????????

????????????? ????????? ????????????????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ???????????. ???????????????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????????????????? ???? ????????????. ????????, ???????????????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?????: ???????????????????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????????????????. ???? ??????????? ???????????, '??????????????' ???? ???? ???? ??????, ??????? ???????? ??????????????. ???????, ??????????????????, ??? ???????????????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????. ?????? ????, '??????????????' ???? ????????, ??????? ??????????????????. ???????????????????? ??????? ???? ???????????, ???????????? ????????? ????????????. ??? ????????????? ???????. ?????????, ???????????????????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????. ^[1]

???????

?????????????, ???????? ???????????????? ????????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????? ? ???? ???????? ?????????????????????????, ??????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????. ????????? ???????????????? ?????? ???? ????????????????? ? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ???? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????????????????, ???????????????????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ??? ????????? ??????????????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????. ????? ???? ???????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????. ^[2]

????????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????????????????????????? ??????? ????? ????????? (1224-1274) ????? ???????????. ???????????? ????? ??????????????, ??? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????. ???? ????? ????????????, ?????????????????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????.

????????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ????????????????, ????? ???????????? ???????????????? ?????????. ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ???? ??????????? (Rene Descartes)(1596-1650) ? ??????? ???????????. ???????????????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? ??? 180 ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ????????. ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????? (Gottfried Leibniz 1646-1716) ????????????? ???????, ???????????????????? ???????????.

????????????? ?????????, Onto (????) ???? ?????????? ??????????? ? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? (Immanuel Kant 1724-1804) ???. ??????????? ???? ? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????. ??????????????? ??????? (Critique of Pure Reason) ^[3] ???? ??????????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???, ?????????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????????. ????????????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???? ????????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????????????????. ??????????????????? ?????? ???????? (absolute purity) ???? ?????? ????????????, ???????????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????? ????? ??????????????????. ^[4] ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? (1711-1776) ????????????? ??????????? ????????????????.

?????????????

????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????. ^[5] ?????? ?????? ??? ??????????????? ??? ?????????????? ??????????????. ??????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????????????????????? ????????????? ???????. ? ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ??????? ???????? ????, ???? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????, ????????????? ?????, ???????????? ???????????????????????????? ??????? ?????????????????. ^[6] ?????????? ?????????????, ????????????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????????????. ??????? ?????????? ???? ???????????????????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????????????????. ^[7]

??????????

???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ????????????. ???????????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????????????. ??????????????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ????????????? ?????. ????????????????????? ???????. ??????? ???????????????, ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????????. ?????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??? ??????????????????. ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????. ? ????? ??????????, ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????. ???? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????, ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????. ????? ??????? ???????????????????????. ^[8]

?????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ????????????? ? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????. ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ????? ?????????? ??????????. ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ? ????, ??????????? ????????????. ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????????????????. ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????????. ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????????????????. ^[8]

??????

1. ↑ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy- http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ontological-arguments/
2. ↑ The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy - http://www.iep.utm.edu/o/ont-arg.htm
3. ↑ ??????????????? ??????? - ??.??.??. ??????????????? ???????? ?????? - http://philosophy.eserver.org/kant/critique-of-pure-reason.txt Archived 2008-09-16 at the Wayback Machine .
4. ↑ ????????? ?????, Kant and the Platypus (???? 16) "Once it is admitted that absolute purity consists of Nonbeing, the greatest perfection of God would consistit of His non existence."
5. ↑ "Kant Considered that he had demolished it once for all". ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ??????
6. ↑ - "Clearly, an argument with such a distinguished history is to be treated with respect, whether valid or not". ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?????
7. ↑ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - ?????? ??????
8. ↑ ^{8.0 8.1} ??????? ?????, ??????????? ???????????????? ?????

?????????????? ???????

• Ontological Arguments ? from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
• Descartes' Ontological Argument ? from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
• Kenneth Einar Himma, The Ontological Argument ? from the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
• Medieval Sourcebook: Gaunilo: In Behalf of the Fool, and Anselm's Reply Archived 2014-11-13 at the Wayback Machine .
• Medieval Sourcebook: Philosophers' Criticisms of Anselm's Ontological Argument for the Being of God Archived 2012-09-30 at the Wayback Machine .
• Paul E. Oppenheimer & Edward N. Zalta , " On the Logic of the Ontological Argument " from James Tomberlin ed., Philosophical Perspectives 5: The Philosophy of Religion (Atascadero: Ridgeview, 1991) pp. 509?529
• Peter Millican, " The one fatal flaw in Anselm's argument Archived 2008-04-07 at the Wayback Machine ." from Mind Vol.113, pp451ff (2004)
• Gregory S. Neal, " Anselm's Ontological Argument For the Existence of God Archived 2008-06-24 at the Wayback Machine ." from Grace Incarnate (1990)
• Cartoon example of the ontologial argument , from Mac Hall
• Brief Synopsis of the Ontological Argument ^{[ ???????????????? ????? ]}