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https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Durkheim

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????	David Emile Durkheim ( 1858-04-15 ) 15 ?????? 1858 Epinal , France
????	15 ????? 1917 (1917-11-15) (?????? 59) Paris , France
??????	French
??????	Ecole Normale Superieure
???????????????	Sacred?profane dichotomy Collective consciousness Social fact Social integration Anomie Collective effervescence
????????? ??????
????????????	Philosophy, sociology, education, anthropology, religious studies
??????????	University of Paris , University of Bordeaux
???????????	Immanuel Kant , Rene Descartes , Plato , Herbert Spencer , Aristotle , Montesquieu , Jean-Jacques Rousseau , Auguste Comte . William James , John Dewey , Fustel de Coulanges , Jean-Marie Guyau , Charles Bernard Renouvier , John Stuart Mill
?????????????	Marcel Mauss , Claude Levi-Strauss , Talcott Parsons , Maurice Halbwachs , Jonathan Haidt , Lucien Levy-Bruhl , Bronisław Malinowski , Fernand Braudel , Pierre Bourdieu , Charles Taylor , Henri Bergson , Emmanuel Levinas , Steven Lukes , Alfred Radcliffe-Brown , E. E. Evans-Pritchard , Mary Douglas , Paul Fauconnet , Robert N. Bellah , Ziya Gokalp , David Bloor , Randall Collins , Neil Smelser [1]

?????? ????? ?????????? ( French:  [emil dy?k?m] or [dy?kajm] ; ^[2] 15 ??????1 858 ? 15 ????? 1917) ??? ??????? ???????????????????????????. ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????. ?. ??. ?? ?????? , ??? ??????? , ?????? ???? ????????????????????? ?????? ?????????????????????? ?????? ???????????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????????????. ^{[3] [4]}

????????? ???????, ?????????? ????? ????????????????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????????? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ????? ???????? ???????????????????. ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? (1893) ?????????. 1895-? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????????????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????????????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????????????? ????????????????? ????????? ???? ????????? ???????????????????? ??????. ^[5]

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1. ↑ Wuthnow, Robert (2004). "Trust as an Aspect of Social Structure". In Alexander, Jeffrey C. ; Marx, Gary T. ; Williams, Christine L. (eds.). Self, Social Structure, and Beliefs: Explorations in Sociology . Berkeley, California: University of California Press. pp.  145 ?146. ISBN   978-0-520-24137-4 .
2. ↑ Video Ina ? Claude Levi-Strauss : 3eme partie, Archives du XXeme siecle ? 23/06/1974 Archived 2012-10-17 at the Wayback Machine .
3. ↑ Calhoun (2002) , p. 107 harv error: no target: CITEREFCalhoun2002 ( help )
4. ↑ Kim, Sung Ho (2007). "Max Weber". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (August 24, 2007 entry) http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/weber/ (Retrieved February 17, 2010)
5. ↑ Allan (2005) , ????. 104 harv error: no target: CITEREFAllan2005 ( help )