Wikipedia Minangkabau - Lubuak aka tapian ilimu
Panduduak asali Taiwan
, atau daulu disabuik juo
aborigin Taiwan
,
urang Formosa
,
urang Austronesia Taiwan
,
[2]
[3]
atau
urang Gaoshan
,
adolah
urang-urang katurunan pribumi
Taiwan
, nan jumalahnyo kini mancapai 569.008 jiwa atau 2,38% dari populasi
pulau
itu ? atau dapek juo dianggap mancapai 800.000 jiwa, kok mamparatian potensi pangakuan sacaro rasmi
panduduak pribumi dataran randah
Taiwan sabagai urang asali Taiwan di masa datang. Panalitian tabaru manunjuakan baso mungkin niniak muyang urang-urang itu alah iduik manatap di Taiwan salamo labiah kurang 5.500 taun sacaro relatif taisolasi sabalun muloinyo imigrasi gadang
urang Han (Cino)
dari
daratan Cino
pado abaik ka-17.
Panduduak asali Taiwan tamasuak rumpun
bangso Austronesia
, nan taubuang jo ikatan bahaso sarato genetika jo urang-urang Austronesia lainnyo.
[6]
Kalompok-kalompok nan baubuangan dakek jo panduduak asali Taiwan antaro lain
urang Polinesia
, sarato sabagian gadang urang-urang
Filipina
,
Indonesia
,
Malaysia
, jo
Brunei
.
Salamo baabaik-abaik, panduduak asali Taiwan maalami pasaingan ekonomi jo sarangan maliter dari babagai banso asiang nan badatangan ka pulau iko. Kabijakan-kabijakan pamerentah nan tapusek nan dibuek untuak mandorong
pageseran bahaso
jo
asimilasi budayo
, sarato ubuangan taruih-manaruih jo banso pandatang malalui padagangan, pakawinan campua jo paroses patukaran budayo lainnyo, alah maakibaikan tingkek-tingkek tatantu
kamatian bahaso
jo ilangnyo
jati diri budayo
nan asali. Misanyo, dari sakita 26 bahaso panduduak asali Taiwan nan dikataui (sacaro basamo-samo disabuik sabagai
bahaso Formosa
), saindaknyo sapuluah bahaso alah
punah
, limo di antaronyo
ampia mati
jo babarapo lainnyo sampai tingkek tatantu
tarancam punah
. Bahaso-bahaso iko sasungguahnyo punyo arati sijarah nan unik, dek karano sabagian gadang
ahli sijarah bahaso
bapandapek baso Taiwan adolah tanah aia asali dari
rumpun bahaso Austronesia
.
Panutua bahaso Austronesia di Pulau Taiwan daulunyo taseba di sabagian gadang wilayah
Pagunuangan Tangah
nan curam, sarato bakalompok di kampuang-kampuang di sapanjang
dataran aluvial
(tanah andapan). Kini, sabagian gadang panduduak asali Taiwan iduik di pagunuangan jo di kota-kota.
Masarakaik adaik Taiwan maalami kakurangan ekonomi jo sosial, tamasuak tingginyo tingkek pangangguran jo pandidiakan nan di bawah standar. Sajak awa 1980-an, banyak kalompok panduduak asali alah sacaro aktif mampajuangan
hak panantuan nasik surang
jo
pangambangan ekonomi
nan labiah tinggi.
Bangkiknyo kabanggaan etnis ditunjuakan dalam babagai caro dek para panduduak asali, misanyo jo manggabuangan unsua-unsua budayonyo ka dalam
musik pop
nan maraiah sukses sacaro komersial. Upayo sadang dilakuan dek masarakaik adaik untuak maiduikan baliak praktik budayo tradisional jo malastarian bahaso tradisionalnyo. Festival Budayo Austronesia di
Kota Taitung
adolah salah satu sarana di mano anggota masarakaik mamparomosian budayo asali. Salain itu, babarapo komunitas panduduak asali alah talibaik sacaro laweh dalam industri pariwisata jo
ekowisata
nan batujuan mancapai paningkekan kamandirian ekonomi jo malastarian budayonyo.
[9]
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.
-
The Republic of China Yearbook 2014
. Executive Yuan, R.O.C.. 4 Juni 2014.
ISBN
9789860423020
.
http://www.ey.gov.tw/Upload/UserFiles/YB%202014%20all%20100dpi.pdf
. Diakses pado 25 Pebruari 2015
.