A function for independent dispute resolution will be created to arbitrate if decisions and disputes remain inconclusive even after reasonable efforts are made using generally accepted decision-making processes. The method to escalate a decision to the dispute resolution function can be included as part of any predetermined ratification process, or adopted from generally available policies prescribed by the Global Council and the Wikimedia Foundation. [1] Recognizing that complex conflicts are context-dependent, this mechanism will provide procedural guidance while maintaining flexibility. If needed, independent advisors with expertise in mediation and arbitration can also be asked to participate in this process.