Tum?ie viduslaiki

Tum?o viduslaiku jeb tum?? laikmeta apz?m?jumu ieviesa Fran?esko Petrarka XIV gadsimt?, sal?dzinot "tum?os" kristiet?bas uzplaukuma gadsimtus Eirop? ar pirms tiem biju?ajiem, vi?apr?t, "gai?ajiem" ant?kajiem laikiem . S?kotn?ji termins apz?m?ja rakst?to avotu defic?tu par ?o periodu. ^[1] V?l?k Rietumeiropas apgaismot?ji 18. gadsimt?, lai apz?m?tu laiku pirms apgaism?bas laikmeta , kur? p?c vi?u dom?m bijis "tum?s", jo kult?ra atrad?s Bazn?cas p?rraudz?b?, savuk?rt sabiedr?bu p?rvald?ja aristokr?tija . 19. gadsimt? ?o apz?m?jumu p?r??ma v?stures literat?ra, apz?m?jot laikmetu, kas Eirop? iest?j?s p?c Rietumromas imp?rijas kri?anas. ^[2] Pla?i ?o apz?m?jumu lietoja 18. gadsimta ang?u v?sturnieks Edvards Gibons sav? darb? "Romas Imp?rijas pagrimums un kri?ana". ?odienas historiogr?fija ??du terminu noraida t? politnekorektuma d??. ^[3]

Atsauces [ labot ?o sada?u | labot pirmkodu ]

↑ Mommsen, Theodore E. (1942). "Petrarch's Conception of the 'Dark Ages'" . Speculum (Cambridge MA: Medieval Academy of America) 17 (2): 226?242. doi : 10.2307/2856364 . JSTOR 2856364 .
↑ Vebstera v?dn?ca: Definition of dark age
↑ Raico, Ralph. "The European Miracle". "The stereotype of the Middle Ages as 'the Dark Ages' fostered by Renaissance humanists and Enlightenment philosophes has, of course, long since been abandoned by scholars."

?is ar v?sturi saist?tais raksts ir nepiln?gs . J?s varat dot savu ieguld?jumu Vikip?dij?, papildinot to .

[mommsen-1] Mommsen, Theodore E. (1942). "Petrarch's Conception of the 'Dark Ages'" . Speculum (Cambridge MA: Medieval Academy of America) 17 (2): 226?242. doi : 10.2307/2856364 . JSTOR 2856364 .

[2] Vebstera v?dn?ca: Definition of dark age

[3] Raico, Ralph. "The European Miracle". "The stereotype of the Middle Ages as 'the Dark Ages' fostered by Renaissance humanists and Enlightenment philosophes has, of course, long since been abandoned by scholars."

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