Kulona likums ir likums, kas apraksta, k? savstarp?ji mijiedarbojas divi punktveida l?di?i. ?o likumu var formul?t ??di: divu punktveida l?di?u ${\displaystyle q_{1}\ }$ un ${\displaystyle q_{2}\ }$ mijiedarb?bas sp?ks ir centr?ls, tie?i proporcion?ls l?di?u lielumiem un apgriezti proporcion?ls to savstarp?j? att?luma ${\displaystyle r\ }$ kvadr?tam.

Kulona likumu, kas ir analo?isks ??tona vispasaules gravit?cijas likumam , prec?zos eksperimentos konstat?ja ?arls Ogist?ns Kulons ( Francija ) 1785. gad?, lai gan da?us gadus iepriek? to bija pier?d?jis Henrijs Kevendi?s ( Anglija ). Ta?u H. Kevendi?a darbs nebija pla?i paz?stams. ^[1]

Kulona likums skal?r? form? [ labot ?o sada?u | labot pirmkodu ]

${\displaystyle F=k{\frac {|q_{1}||q_{2}|}{r^{2}}},}$

kur:

• ${\displaystyle F\ }$ ir Kulona sp?ks,
• ${\displaystyle q_{1}\ }$ ir pirm? l?di?a lielums,
• ${\displaystyle q_{2}\ }$ ir otr? l?di?a lielums,
• ${\displaystyle r\ }$ ir att?lums starp l?di?iem,
• ${\displaystyle k={\frac {1}{4\pi \varepsilon _{r}\varepsilon _{0}}}}$, vakuum? ${\displaystyle k\approx 8,988\cdot 10^{9}}$ N · m ² · C ^-2 ,
• ${\displaystyle \pi }$ ir p? ,
• ${\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}}$ ir vides relat?v? dielektrisk? caurlaid?ba , vakuum? ${\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}=1}$,
• ${\displaystyle \varepsilon _{0}}$ ir elektrisk? konstante (8,85?10 ^?12 F / m ).

Kulona likums vektori?l? form? [ labot ?o sada?u | labot pirmkodu ]

${\displaystyle {\vec {F}}_{12}=k{\frac {q_{1}q_{2}}{r_{12}^{3}}}{\vec {r}}_{12},}$

kur

• ${\displaystyle {\vec {F}}}$ ir Kulona sp?ka vektors,
• ${\displaystyle q_{1}\ }$ ir pirm? l?di?a lielums, uz kuru iedarbojas sp?ks,
• ${\displaystyle q_{2}\ }$ ir otr? l?di?a lielums,
• ${\displaystyle {\vec {r}}_{12}={\vec {r}}_{1}-{\vec {r}}_{2}}$ ir r?diusvektors no ${\displaystyle q_{2}}$ l?dz ${\displaystyle q_{1}}$,
• ${\displaystyle {\vec {r}}_{1}\ }$ ir ${\displaystyle q_{1}}$ r?diusvektors,
• ${\displaystyle {\vec {r}}_{2}\ }$ ir ${\displaystyle q_{2}}$ r?diusvektors, un
• ${\displaystyle r_{12}\ }$ ir ${\displaystyle {\vec {r}}_{12}}$ modulis,
• ${\displaystyle k={\frac {1}{4\pi \varepsilon _{r}\varepsilon _{0}}}}$, vakuum? ${\displaystyle k\approx 8,988\cdot 10^{9}}$ N · m ² · C ^-2 ,
• ${\displaystyle \pi }$ ir p? ,
• ${\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}}$ ir vides relat?v? dielektrisk? caurlaid?ba , vakuum? ${\displaystyle \varepsilon =1}$,
• ${\displaystyle \varepsilon _{0}}$ ir elektrisk? konstante (8,85?10 ^?12 F / m ).

Kulona sp?kam ir pareizs ??tona tre?ais likums , jo ${\displaystyle {\vec {F}}_{21}=-{\vec {F}}_{12}}$. Ja savietojam atskaites sist?mas s?kumpunktu ${\displaystyle O_{1}}$ ar vienu no l?di?iem ( ${\displaystyle q_{2}\ }$) un otra l?di?a ( ${\displaystyle q_{1}\ }$) r?diusvektors ir ${\displaystyle {\vec {r}}={\vec {r}}_{12}}$, tad Kulona likums ir rakst?ms form?

${\displaystyle {\vec {F}}={\vec {F}}_{12}=k{\frac {q_{1}q_{2}}{r^{3}}}{\vec {r}}}$.

Atsauces [ labot ?o sada?u | labot pirmkodu ]

?r?j?s saites [ labot ?o sada?u | labot pirmkodu ]

• Vikikr?tuv? par ?o t?mu ir pieejami multivides faili. Skat?t: Kulona likums .

• Encyclopædia Britannica raksts (angliski)
• Krievijas Liel?s enciklop?dijas raksts (krieviski)
• Encyclopædia Universalis raksts (franciski)