Telegraphia
(
Graece
τ?λε 'distans' + γρ?φειν 'scribere') est transmissio nuntiorum
textualium
vel
symbolicorum
(contra nuntios
orales
vel
sonicos
) in longuinquo sine
physica
rei nuntium ferentis permutatione. Ergo
semaphora
est ratio telegraphica, sed
columba postalica
non est.
Telegraphia poscit rationem nuntii per notas adhibiti ab ambobus transmittore et receptore sciendum esse. Tales rationes designantur secundum limites
medii
pertinentis. Usus
signorum fumi
,
ignium in specula
,
pharorum
, signorum
lucis repercussae
, et
semaphorarum vexilli
sunt exempla.
Saeculo undevicensimo
, moderatio
electricitatis
ad
telegraphum electricum
inventum duxit. Adventus
radiophoniae
annis 1900
ineuntibus
radiotelegraphiam
at alias genera
telegraphiae sine filis
effecit. Aetate
interretialis
magnopere creverunt potestas et facilitas modi telegraphici per
interfacies linguae naturalis
quae codicem subterraneum celant,
res cursuales electronicas
,
nuntios instantes
, et alias
technologias
praesentes sinentes.
Telegraphe,
verbum
Francogallicum
, a
Claudio Chappe
, inventore
lineae semaphoricae
, excogitatum est. Qui etiam verbum
semaphore
(
semaphora
) excogitavit.
[1]
Nexus interni
- Armagnay, Henri.
1908
.
Phototelegraphy.
Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution
197?207.
- Britton, John A.
2013
.
Cables, Crises, and the Press: The Geopolitics of the New International Information System in the Americas, 1866?1903.
Albuquerque Novi Mexici: University of New Mexico Press.
- Dargan, J.
1985
. The Railway Telegraph.
Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin Martio: 49?71.
- Gray, Thomas.
1892
.
The Inventors Of The Telegraph And Telephone.
Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution,
639?659.
- Hochfelder, David.
2012
.
The Telegraph in America, 1832?1920.
Baltimorae: Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Huurdeman, Anton A.
2003
.
The worldwide history of telecommunications.
John Wiley & Sons.
- John, Richard R.
2010
.
Network Nation: Inventing American Telecommunications.
Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press.
- Kieve, Jeffrey L.
1973
.
The Electric Telegraph: A Social and Economic History.
David and Charles.
ISBN 0715358839
.
- Pichler, Franz.
2013
. Magneto-Electric Dial Telegraphs: Contributions of Wheatstone, Stoehrer and Siemens.
The AWA Review
26.
- Ross, Nelson E.
1928
.
HOW TO WRITE TELEGRAMS PROPERLY.
The Telegraph Office.
- Schectman, Jonathan.
Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions & Discoveries of the 18th Century.
- Standage, Tom.
1998
.
The Victorian Internet.
Berkley Trade.
ISBN 0425171698
.
- Wheen, Andrew.
2011
.
DOT-DASH TO DOT.COM: How Modern Telecommunications Evolved from the Telegraph to the Internet.
Springer.
ISBN 9781441967596
.
- Wilson, Geoffrey.
1976
.
The Old Telegraphs.
Phillimore & Co. Ltd.
ISBN 0900592796
.
- "Early telegraphy and fax engineering,"
technikum29.de
- "The History of the Telegraph Companies in Britain between 1838 and 1868,"
distantwriting.co.uk
- "International Facilities of the American Carriers,"
www.scribd.com
- Museum Telegraphiae Porthcurno,
www.porthcurno.org.uk (maxima mundi statio telegraphica, nunc museum)
- "Telegram Falls Silent Stop Era Ends Stop,"
www.nytimes.com (
The New York Times,
6 Februarii 2006)
- "Western Union Telegraph Company Records, 1820?1995,"
siris.archives.si.edu (Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution)