Proelium Antietamense,
etiam
Proelium Sharpsburgi
appellatum, praecipue in
Civitatibus Foederatis Meridianis
, die
17 Septembris
1862
pugnatum prope
Sharpsburgum
et
Rivum Antietamensem
, pars
Expeditionis Terrae Mariae
, fuit primum
proelium
maius in
Bello Civili Americano
quod in
terra
Unionis
factum est, cruentissimum et exitialissimum unius
diei
proelium
in
historia Civitatum Foederatarum
, omnibus bello casibus (mortuis, vulneratis, absentibus) 22 717 numeratis.
[1]
Exercitus Unionis
Georgii B. McClellan
generalis maioris
Exercitum Confoederatarum
Roberti E. Lee
generalis in
Terram Mariae
insequens, impetum contra Lee fecit, qui locos defendendos pone Rivum Antietamense tenebat. Prima luce diei
17 Septembris
, corpus
Iosephi Hooker
generalis maioris
vim
lateri laevo Leeano intulit.
Impetus et impetus contra hostium impetum agrum
maizii
Milleranum transgrediebantur, et rixa circa
templum
sectae
Summersorum
appellatae appropinquavit. Oppugnationes Unionis contra viam consessam medium Confoederatum ad ultimum penetraverunt, sed Foederales occasionem non nacti sunt. Corpus
Ambrosii Burnside
generalis maioris Unionis particeps pugnae post meridiem fuerunt,
pontem
lapideum
trans Rivum Antietamensem excepit, contraque dextram Confoederatam persecutum est.
Gravissimo pugnae tempore, divisio
A. P. Hill
generalis maioris Confederati ex
Harpers Ferry
adveniens, impetum contra hostium incautorum impetum coepit, Burnside repellens proeliumque finiens. Lee, quamquam multitudine bis superatus, omnes suas copias commisit, cum McClellan minus quam tres partes sui exercitus praemisit, quod vicissim facultatem Lee dedit agri obstruendi ne
milites Foederales
progredi possent. Per
noctem
, ambo exercitus eorum acies stabiliebant. Lee, contra caducos debilitantis cum McClellan omnem per diem 18 Septembris levia proelia conserere pergebat, cum exercitum percussum
meridiem
Fluminis Potomaci
versus removeret.
[2]
Contra minores numeros, impetus McClellaniani
contractionem virium
non confecit, sinens ut Lee copias transferret aciesque interiores moveret ut quamque provocationem adaequarent. McClellan, quamquam amplas copias reservatas ad minores successus amplificandos committere poterat, exercitum Leeanum non destruxit. McClellan illius incursionem in fines
Terrae Mariae
steterat, sed Lee ad
Virginiam
retrocedere potuit sine interclusionem a McClellan cauto factam. Quamquam proelium
per rationes victoriae gerendae
anceps fuit, exercitus Lee, iam primum repressus, ad Virginiam pedem rettulit antequam McClellan eum delere posset. Antietam ergo habetur victoria Unionis quia septentrionalem Lee incursionem continuerat, et erat occasioni ut
Praeses
Abrahamus Lincoln
Manumissionis Edictum
nuntiaret,
[3]
quod vicissim res publicas
Britannicam
et
Francicam
prohibuit ne eae
Confoederatiam
rite agnoscerent.
Stephanus Sears,
rerum gestarum scriptor
, ait:
McClellan generalis, cum proelium contra maiores numeros ad rempublicam servandam faceret, vix 50 000
peditatuum
et
tormentariorum
certamini commiserat. Tertia pars eius exercitus
sclopeti
crepitum non fecit. Nihilominus, eius milites identidem
Exercitum Virginiae Septentrionalis
ad ipsam marginem calamitatis egerunt?res gestae fortitudinis omnino neglectae ab imperatore qui paene
nihil
praeter suam cladem prohibitam anticipabat.
[5]
[6]
Praeses Lincoln obstupescuit quod McClellan a
17 Septembris
ad
26 Octobris
, contra obsecrationes ab
Administratione Bellica
et praeside ipso iteratas, Lee trans
Potomacum
insequi non volebat, inopiam instrumentorum timoremque copiarum nimis productarum citans.
Henricus W. Halleck
generalis
principalis in relatu scripsit: "Diuturna inertia tam magni exercitus se hosti victo opponentis, et per secundissimum anni tempus progressuum rapidorum et expeditionis alacris, res magni incommodi paenitentiaeque fuit."
[7]
[8]
Lincoln imperium Exercitus Potomaci a McClellan die
7 Novembris
abstulit, militarem illius cursum reapse finiens.
Iacobus M. McPherson
,
rerum gestarum scriptor
Americanus
, momentum Proelii Antietamensis in
libro
Crossroads of Freedom
summatim descripsit:
Nulla alia expeditio et proelium in bello tot consecutiones magni momenti quot res Antietamensis habebat. Mense Iulio 1863, binae Unionis victoriae apud Gettysburgum et
Vicksburgum
alium ictum dederunt, qui renovato Confoederatorum impetui in
oriente
obstetit, et tertiam Confoederatiae partem occidentalem a partibus reliquis praecidit. Mense Septembri 1864,
Atlanta
a
Sherman capta
animos Septentrionales iterum deficientes invertit et progressum ultimum ad victoriam
Unionis
paravit. Erant etiam momenta alia, sed numquam fierint si ternae expeditiones Confoederatae in
Mississippia
,
Kentukia
, et praecipuissime
Terra Mariae
autumno
1862
non superatae erant.
[9]
[10]
Imagines infra datae comprehendunt
photographemata
ab Alexandro Gardner factae, qui a
Matthaeo Brady
conducebatur et cuius photographemata in pinacotheca Bradyana
Nivi Eboraci
mense Octobri
1862
exhibita sunt
, et
picturae murales
a Iacobo Hope centurione ab Administratione Saeptum Nationali refectae.
-
Milites Confoederati ubi ceciderunt in loco pugnae intra saepe secundum Viam Vectigalem ad Hagerstown, mense Septembri 1862; photographema ab
Alexandro Gardner
factum
-
Adumbratio
in
Harper's Weekly
milites interfectos in loco pugnae monstrat, ex photographemate Gardnerano
-
Equi
Confoederati mortui et carri destructi in loco pugnae Antietamensis
[11]
-
Mortui in loco pugnae
[12]
-
Mortui Confoederati secundum Bloody Lane, ad orientem ex ripa septentrionali aspiciens; photographema Gardneranum
-
Mortui Confoederati secundum Bloody Lane, ad boreorientem ex ripam meridiam aspiciens; photographema Gardneranum
[13]
-
"Miles Confoederatus qui vulneratus se ut videtur ad vallem praeruptam in clivo protraxerat, ubi mortuus est."
[14]
Photographema Gardneranum
-
Sepultura
Foederalis; photographema Gardneranum
[15]
-
Mortui Unionis in loco pugnae Antietamensi
sepulti
-
"Sepultura solitaria";
sepultura
Foederalis apud Antietam; photographema Gardnerum
[16]
-
Locus pugnae Antietamensis; photographema Gardneranum
[17]
-
"Tormentorum inferi";
pictura
Iacobi Hope centurionis (
templum
Summersorum, extremo laevo)
-
"Vicissitudo Fatalis": mane multum ad orientem ad rus Roulette spectans;
pictura
Iacobi Hope centurionis
-
"Posterior Scaena ad Bloody Lane";
pictura
Iacobi Hope centurionis
-
"Fortitudo perdita" Iacobi Hope centurionis
-
Pons Burnsideanus.
Pictura
Iacobi Hope centurionis
-
Templum
Lutheranum
ad orientem Sharpsburg situm fines incursus Unionis per Proelium Antietamense designat,
1862
-
Templum
Summersorum post
17 Septembris
1862
. Hic mortui Unionis et Confoederatiae una in campo iacent.
- ↑
McPherson 2002:3.
- ↑
NPS
.
- ↑
McPherson 1988:543?558.
- ↑
Locus a Frassanito 1978:105?108 agnotus.
- ↑
Sears 1983:296.
- ↑
Anglice
: "In making his battle against great odds to save the Republic, General McClellan had committed barely 50,000 infantry and artillerymen to the contest. A third of his army did not fire a shot. Even at that, his men repeatedly drove the Army of Northern Virginia to the brink of disaster, feats of valor entirely lost on a commander thinking of little beyond staving off his own defeat."
- ↑
Anglice
: "The long inactivity of so large an army in the face of a defeated foe, and during the most favorable season for rapid movements and a vigorous campaign, was a matter of great disappointment and regret."
- ↑
Bailey 1984:67.
- ↑
Anglice
: "No other campaign and battle in the war had such momentous, multiple consequences as Antietam. In July 1863 the dual Union triumphs at Gettysburg and Vicksburg struck another blow that blunted a renewed Confederate offensive in the East and cut off the western third of the Confederacy from the rest. In September 1864 Sherman's capture of Atlanta reversed another decline in Northern morale and set the stage for the final drive to Union victory. These also were pivotal moments. But they would never have happened if the triple Confederate offensives in Mississippi, Kentucky, and most of all Maryland had not been defeated in the fall of 1862."
- ↑
McPherson 2002:155.
- ↑
Locus a Frassanito agnotus (1978:168?170).
- ↑
Locus a Kalasky agnotus (1999:24?29).
- ↑
Milites Unionis scaenam aspicientes fortasse fuerunt milites legionis Pennsylvaniae 130, quibus munus sepulturae assignatum est.
- ↑
Frassanito 1978:105
- ↑
Locus a Frassanito agnitus (1978:144?147).
- ↑
Locus a Frassanito agnitus (1978:171?74).
- ↑
Descriptio prima dixerat "Locus pugnae Antietamensis die proelii," 17 Septembris 1862; vide autem Frassanito 1978:70?73.
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2000
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www.civilwaranimated.com
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antietam.aotw.org
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memory.loc.gov (Bibliotheca Congressionalis)
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www.brotherswar.com
- Reunitiationes Publice ex Antietam,
antietam.aotw.org
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www.nps.gov (National Park Service)
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www.civilwar.org (Civil War Trust)