Familia Cim
[1]
sive
Q?ng
(
?朝
Q?ng chao, Ch'ing ch'ao
;
Mandshurice
:
??????
?????
Daicing gurun
;
Mongolice
:
Манж Чин Улс
), familia quoque
Tartaro-Sinica
vocata
[2]
, fuit ultima
Sinae
regnatrix domus, cuius imperatores
1644
usque ad
1912
regnarunt (cum brevi
refectione abortiva
anno
1917
). Ea
Domui Mim
substituit et a
Republica Sinensi
substituitur.
Condita est domus ab
Aisin Gioro
, gente
Jurcheniana
, in
regione
nunc
Mandshuria
in
Sina
septentrionali
et
occidentali
appellata.
- Thienmingus
(Nurhaci), mortem post creatus
- Zungteus
(Hong Taiji sive Abahai), regnavit
1636
ad
1643
- Xunchius
, regnavit
1644
ad
1661
- Kam-Hi
, regnavit
1661
ad
1722
- Yongzheng, regnavit
1722
ad
1735
- Qianlong, regnavit
1735
ad
1796
- Jiaqing, regnavit
1796
ad
1820
- Daoguang, regnavit
1820
ad
1850
- Xianfeng, regnavit
1850
ad
1861
- Tongzhi, regnavit
1861
ad
1875
- Guangxu, regnavit
1875
ad
1908
- Xuantong, regnavit
1908
ad
1912
Nexus interni
- Bartlett, Beatrice S.
1991
.
Monarchs and Ministers: The Grand Council in Mid-Ch'ing China, 1723?1820.
Berkeley et Los Angeles: University of California Press.
- Ebrey, Patricia.
1993
.
Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook.
Novi Eboraci: Simon and Schuster.
- Elliott, Mark C.
2000
. "The Limits of Tartary: Manchuria in Imperial and National Geographies."
Journal of Asian Studies
59:603-646.
- Elliot, Mark C.
2001
.
The Manchu Way: The Eight Banners and Ethnic Identity in Late Imperial China
. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
- Faure, David.
2007
.
Emperor and Ancestor: State and Lineage in South China.
- Rawski, Evelyn S.
1998
.
The Last Emperors: A Social History of Qing Imperial Institutions.
Berkeley et Los Angeles: University of California Press.
ISBN 0-520-21289-4
.
- Rhoads, Murphey.
2006
.
East Asia: A New History.
Ed. 4a.
- Smith, Richard Joseph.
1994
.
China's Cultural Heritage: The Qing Dynasty, 1644?1912
[
nexus deficit
]
.
Westview Press.
ISBN 0-8133-1347-3
.
- Spence, Jonathan.
1990
.
The Search for Modern China
. New York: W. W. Norton.
- Spence, Jonathan.
1997
.
God's Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan
. New York: W. W. Norton.
- Teng, Ssu-yu, et John King Fairbank, eds.
1979
.
China's Response to the West: A Documentary Survey, 1839?1923.
Cantabrigiae: Harvard University Press.
- Tong, Chee Kiong, et Kwok B. Chan.
2001
.
Alternate Identities: The Chinese of Contemporary Thailand.
- Torbert, Preston M.
1977
.
The Ch?ing Imperial Household Department: A Study of Its Organization and Principal Functions, 1662?1796.
Cantabrigiae: Harvard University Asia Center.
ISBN 0-674-12761-7
.
- Wakeman, Frederic
.
1985
.
The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-century China
[
nexus deficit
]
.
Berkeley et Los Angeles: University of California Press.
ISBN 0-520-04804-0
.
- Myers, H. Ramon, et Yeh-Chien Wang.
2003
. "Economic developments, 1644?1800." In
The Cambridge History of China: Volume 9: The Ch'ing Empire to 1800,
ed. Willard Peterson, 563-647. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
ISBN 978-0-521-24334-6
.
- Waley-Cohen, Joanna.
2006
.
The culture of war in China: empire and the military under the Qing Dynasty.
I. B. Tauris.
ISBN 1-84511-159-1
.
- Woo, X. L.
2002
.
Empress dowager Cixi: China's last dynasty and the long reign of a formidable concubine: legends and lives during the declining days of the Qing Dynasty
.
Algora Publishing.
ISBN 1-892941-88-0
.
Nexus interni