Ninok ji ?e? be?en sereke pek te; reg, besta ninoke, lewheya ninoke, eponikum (kutikil), perionikum u hiponikum.
Ninok
,
neynok
an ji
neynuk
yek ji endamen po?erekoendama (bi ingilizi:
integumentary system
) mirov e
[1]
.
Li cihana
ajalan
de, sere tili u peciyen mirov u meymunan bi ninok in, li ajalen din li dewsa ninokan, penc an ji sim heye. Weki minak pence ?eran, sime hespan heye.
Ninok,
epidermis
u mu ji heman cor
xaneyan
pek ten, le xaneyen ninoke, lewheyen zexm en keratini yen bi ?eweye qiloci (?ax) ava dikin. Bi vi awaye sere tili u peciyan diparezin
[2]
. Li gel parastine, hestkirin ji erkek din a ninoke ye. Sere tili u peciyen mirov gellek hestedemar lixwe digire. Gava mirov tiliyen xwe li ser ti?tek digerine an ji ti?tek digire deste xwe, bi alikariya van
hestedemaran
, mirov dikare ji qebare u ?eweye we ti?te ve agahdar bibe. Ninok kare hestkirina sere tiliyan hesantir dike
[3]
. Herwisa ji boy xurandina
cerm
ji ninok ten bikaranin.
Berevajiye
muyan
, ninok hertim direj dibin. Ninok roje bi qasi 0.1 milimetre direj dibin
[4]
. Ninok zivistane hedi, havine zutir direj dibe. Herwisa ninoken dergu? u kal u piran ji yen ciwanan heditir direj dibe
[5]
. Ninoken tiliye ji yen peciye he zutir direj dibin
[2]
.
Ninok ji ?e? be?en sereki pek te; reg, besta ninoke, lewheya ninoke, eponikum (kutikil), perionikum u hiponikum.
Rega ninoke weki matriksa bincine ji te navkirin. Reg li bine cerm, li pa? ninoke de cih digire. Rega ninoke bi cina kutikile rupo?i ye. Piraniya qebareya lewheya ninoke u besta ninoke ji rega ninoke peyda dibin. Ango ninok ji rege peyda dibe
[6]
. Li rega ninoke de xaneyen melanositi tune. Loma ev be? bereng e. Qeraxa matriksa bincineye bi renge spi ye u bi ?eweye hivik e, loma ev be? weki hivik te navkirin. Di be?a hivike de, di bine ninoke de cinek stur a
ruke?e?ane
heye, ango
luleyen xwine
ji ninoke dur in, loma be?a hivike ne bi renge pembeyi le bi renge spi xuya dibe
[7]
. Her wisa hivik, weki spika ninoke ji te navkirin. Ji xeyni tiliyen qilice , bi gelemperi hemu ninoken tili u peciyan, hivik lixwe digirin.
Besta ninoke be?ek ji matriksa ninoke ye u weki matriksa stewr (steril) te navkirin. Besta ninoke, ji hivike heta cemsere (hiponikum) direj dibe. Besta ninoke gellek hestedemar, luleyen xwine u xaneyen melanine lixwe digire. Her ko ninok ji rege direj dibe, besta ninoke hin madeyan li ser ruye jer e ninoke zede dike. Bi vi awaye sturiya lewheya ninoke zede dibe, lewhe zexm dibe. Ji boy derketin u direjbuna ninoka asayi, dive ruye basta ninoke lus (pehn) be, an na neynuk xiloxawari derdikeve.
Tene ninoke an ji lewheya ninoke, be?a bingehin a ninoke ye. Ango di jiyana rojane de lewheya ninoke weki ninok te navkirin
[8]
. Lewheya ninoke li ser besta ninoke ava dibe, sere tili u peciyan ji zexta hawirdore dipareze. Her wisa ji boy hildana (pe girtin) ti?ten picuk ji sere serbest en ninoke alikariya tiliyan dike
[9]
. Bi esle xwe lewheya ninoke nivce zelal (ron) e. Lewheya ninoke ji xaneyen keratini yen miri pek te. Xaneyen lewheya ninoke di rega ninoke de, ji xaneyen taybet en epidermise peyda dibin. Besta ninoke bi luleyen xwine dewlemend e, loma ji xeyni be?a hivike, lewheya ninokan bi renge pembeyi ne
[7]
. Li ser ruye bini ya lewheya ninoke de ?oven direj u tenik hene, bi navbeynkariya van ?ovan ninok bi besta ninoke ve te giredan
[3]
.
Hin caran gava tef?u an ji cakuc li tiliya mirov dikeve, li besta ninoke luleyen xwine diteqin, xwin belave navbera besta ninok u lewheya ninoke dibe. Xwina ji luleyan derketi beoksijen dimine loma renge we ji sor diguhere ber bi re? u birina bine lewheya ninoke re? dibe.
Kutikila ninoke weki eponikum te navkirin. Kutikil di navbera cerme tili u lewheya ninoke de cih digire, ninoke bi cerm ve gire dide. Eponikum li dij ave berbestek siru?ti ava dike, nahele av an ji hokaren nexwe?iye derbasi rega ninoke bibe. Loma dive ev be? ji ninoke neye rakirin u jekirin.
Perionikum nave qaten cermen li herdu aliyen ninoke ye, herwisa weki qaten keleki yen ninoke (
bi ingilizi: lateral nail fold) ji ten navkirin.
Qaten keleki yen ninoke li herdu aliyan ve ninoke dipecin, bi vi awaye lewheya ninoke bi tili u peciyan ve giredayi dimine. Hin caran ninok di qata keleki de dice. Qata kelekiya ninoke diwerme, kul dibe u birin cedibe. Bi taybeti ninoken peciye wisa ne.
Li bine be?a qeraxa serbest (cemser) a ninoke de hiponikum (
hyponychium
) heye. Hiponikum di navbera lewheya ninoke u cerme sere tiliye de cih digire. Hiponikum, cinek stur e, ji qata hi?k (
stratum corneum
) a epidermise pek te
[9]
. Hiponikum besta ninoke ji hawirdore dipareze.
- ^
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Mader, S., & Windelspecht, M. (2017). Human Biology (15th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
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McKinley, M., & O'Loughlin, V. (2011). Human Anatomy (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill
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