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Alman

Hemwelatiyen Almanyaye; Kesen ku xwediye ziman u canda almani ne; koma etniki

Alman an ji elman , (bi almani : Deutsche ), komeki etniki ya german ne ku bi pirani li dewleten weki Almanya , Awistirya , Swisre u Liechtenstein dijin. Diyasporaya almanan yek ji diyasporayen mezinen li cihane ye ku ji sedsala 18an heya iro li hemi parzeminan belav bune. [24] Iro, koma etniki ya heri mezin li Dewleten Yekbuyi yen Amerikaye Alman e ku hejmara wan di navbera 42 u 58 milyonan de ye [25] [26] [27] [28] lebele gelek bi almani nizanin yan ji xwe bi gele alman ve giredayi nabinin. [29] Weki din li derveyi Almanyaye, li Danimarkaye , Swisre , Awistriya , Liechtenstein , Luksemburg , li rojhilati Belcikaye u li devera Tirola Ba?ur u bakure Italyaye almaniaxiv hene. [30]

Alman
Deutsche
Gelhe tevahi
 Almanya 72,569,978 [1]
Heremen ku le ?eniyen sereke ne
 DYA 42,600,000 - 58,000,000 [2] [3]
 Kanada 3,322,405 [4]
 Brezil 2,500,000 - 3,000,000 [5]
 Awistralya 1,026,140 [6]
 Qazaxistan 900,000 [7]
 Rusya 840,000 [8]
 Arjentin 500,000 [9]
  Swisre 357,000 [10]
 Keyaniya Yekbuyi 310,000 [11]
 Mecaristan 250,000 [12]
 Awistirya 233,000 [13]
 Italya 211,000 [14]
 Fransa 203,000 [15]
 Spanya 201,000 [16]
 Polonya 148,000 [17]
 Tirkiye 102,592 [18]
 Meksik 90,000 [19]
 Afrikaya Ba?ur 75,000 [20]
 Romanya 36,000 [21]
 Slovakya 8,537 [22]
Ziman
Bi zikmaki: Zimane almani , le gelek di Diyaspore zimanen fermi ya wan axev bun. [23]
Baweriya dini
Bi pirani: Xristiyani ( Protestan an Katolik )
Tekildaren komen etniki
German

Dirok

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Serdema kevnar

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Zanyar bi gi?ti hev qebul dikin ku mirov dikare behsa gelen almani pi?ti sala 500 BZ bike. [31] Arkeolog bi gelemperi gelen elmani yen destpeke bi canda Jastorf a Serdema hesini ya Pe?-Roman ve giredidin, ku li bakure Almanya u Danimarkaye ji sedsalen 6an heta 1e BZ te ditin, li dora heman deme ku yekem guheztina konsonanta elmani te teorizekirin ku cebuye; ev guherina dengi dibe sedema zimanen almani yen ku bi awayeki naskiri tene naskirin. [32]

Serdema navin

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Bilindbuna imperatoriya romani ya piroz di serdema navin de

Etnisiteya Alman di nav gelen alman en Ewropaya Rojava u Navendi de, bi taybeti Frank , Frisi , Saksoni , Turingi , Alemani u Baweri derketiye hole. [33] Destpeka dewleten Alman dikare bi padi?ahe Frankish Clovis I ve were ?opandin, ku di sedsala 5an de padi?ahiya Francia ava kir. Di sedsalen pa?eroje de heza Frankan pir zede bu.

Serdema nujen

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Danasina capkirine ji hela dahenere Alman Johannes Gutenberg ve di avakirina tegihi?tinek nu ya baweri u aqil de bu. Di ve deme de, ke?i?e alman Martin Luther ji bo reformen di nav Dera katolik de zext kir. Hewldanen Luther di Reformasyona Protestani de bi dawi bu. Di encame de veqetina oli sedema sereke ya ?ere Si Sali bu, pevcunek ku Imperatoriya Romaye ya Piroz perce kir u bu sedema mirina bi milyonan Alman. Mercen A?tiya Westphalia (1648) ku ?er bi dawi kir, di nav desthilatdariya navendi ya Qeysere Romaya Piroz de kembunek mezin pek ani. [34]

Ti?te ku gelek Almanan weki "rure?kirina Versailles" dit, kevne?opiyen domdar en ideolojiyen otoriter u Antisemitizm u Depresyone mezin , hemi bun sedem ku Adolf Hitler u Ideolojiya Nazi ku bi esle xwe Awistirya ye, ku pi?ti hatina ser desthilatdariye. [35] Bi awayeki demokratik di destpeka salen 1930an de, Komara Weimare hilwe?and u dewleta Almanyaya Nazi ava kir. Di legerina wi ya ji bo bindestkirina Ewropaye de, ?e? milyon Kesen Cihu di Holokost de hatin qetilkirin. ?ere Cihani ye Duyem bu sedema werankirinek berfireh u mirina bi deh milyonan le?ker u sivil, dema ku dewleta Alman hate parce kirin. Neziki 12 milyon Alman necar bun birevin an ji ji Ewropaya Rojhilat hatin derxistin. Ziyaneke mezin ji gihandiye nav u nasnameya Alman, ku ji bere geleki kemtir neteweperest bu. [36] Dewleten Almanya yen Almanyaya Rojava u Almanyaya Rojhilat bun xalen sereke yen ?ere Sar, le di sala 1990an de ji nu ve hatin yek kirin. Her cend tirs hebu ku Almanyaya yekbuyi disa dest bi siyaseta neteweperestiye bike, welat iro bi gelemperi weki "aktorek aramker di dil de te hesibandin. Ewropa" u "pe?vebire yekbuna demokratik".

Ziman

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   Gotara bingehin: Zimane almani

Zimane almani, pareki ji Zimanen rojavaye Germani ye u iro pi?e rusi , zimane ya her bilind li Ewropa ye.

Almani zimane fermi ye Welaten Almanya , Awistirya , Swisre , Belcika , Luksemburg u li Liechtensteine ye. Iro gori pe?biniyaye ewropi, 95 milyon kes bi zikmaki almani diaxivin. [37]

 
Belavbuna Zimane Almani li Ewropaye

Zimane almani tevlihev bi zimanen ewropi ya din:

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Zimane Frisi Inglizi Skoti Yolayi Holendi Luxemburgi Almani Afrikaansi Inglizi ya bere Almani ya bilind a bere Germani ya rojavaye a bere Kurmanci
kaam comb kaim khime / rack kam m. kamp Kamm m. kam camb m. camb m. k?b? *kamb? m. *?eh
dei day day dei dag m. daag Tag m. dag dæ? m. tag m. *dag? m. *roj/roh
rein rain rain rhyne regen m. rengel, raege Regen m. reen re?n m. regan m. *regn? m. *baran
wei way wey wei / wye weg m. weeg Weg m. weg we? m. weg m. *weg? m. *re/riya
neil nail nail niel nagel m. nieegel Nagel m. nael næ?el m. nagal m. *nagl? m. *mix
tsiis cheese cheese cheese kaas m. kiees Kase m. kaas ??se, ??ese m. ch?si, k?si m. *k?s? m. *pener
tsjerke church kirk chourch kerk f. kerk Kirche f. kerk ?iri?e f. chirihha, *kirihha f. *kirik? f. *der
sibbe sibling sib sibbe (dated) / meany sibbe f. - Sippe f. - sibb f. "kinship, peace" sippa f. , Old Saxon: sibbia sibbju, sibbj? f. *xwi?k u bira
kaai f. key key kei / kie sleutel m. slueetel Schlussel m. sleutel c??(e), c?ga f. "key, sluzzil m. *slutil? m. , *k?g? f. *qufle
ha west have been hae(s)/hiv been ha bin ben geweest bin geweis(t) bin gewesen was gewees
  • buye
twa skiep two sheep twa sheep twye zheep twee schapen n. twiee schaop zwei Schafe n. twee skape tw? s??ap n. zwei sc?fa n. *twai sk?pu n.
  • du ?ivan.
hawwe have hae ha hebben hebbe, hobbe haben het habban, hafian hab?n *habbjan? *hebun
us us us ouse ons os uns ons ?s uns *uns *em
brea bread breid breed brood n. mik, broeed Brot n. brood br?ad n. "fragment, bit, morsel, crumb" an ji "bread" br?t n. *braud? m. *nan
hier hair hair haar haar n. haor Haar n. haar h?r, h?r n. h?r n. *h?r? n. *por
ear ear lug lug oor n. oeer Ohr n. oor ?are n. < pre-English *?ora ?ra n. *aura < *auza n. *guh
doar door door dher deur f. dueer Tur f. deur duru f. turi f. *duru f. *deri
grien green green green groen greun grun groen gr?ne gruoni *gr?n? *kesk
swiet sweet sweet sweet zoet zeut suß soet sw?te s(w)uozi (< *sw?ti) *sw?t? *?erin
troch through throu draugh door doeer durch deur þurh duruh *bi reya
wiet wet weet weate nat naat nass nat w?t naz (< *nat) *w?t? / *nat? *?il
each eye ee ei / iee oog n. oug Auge n. oog ?age n. < pre-English *?oga ouga n. *auga n. *caw
dream dream dream dreem droom m. draum Traum m. droom dr?am m. "joy, pleasure, ecstasy, music, song" troum m. *draum? m. *xewn
stien stone stane sthoan steen m. stein Stein m. steen st?n m. stein m. *stain? m. *kevir
bed bed bed bed bed n. bed Bett n. bed bedd n. betti n. *baddj? n. *cih

Din

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Alman ji aliye baweriye ve niv katolik , niv protestan u 5% ji nifusa Almanyaye misilmanin .

 
Mezheben serdest en li Almanyaye weki ku ji hela Serjimeriya 2011an ve bi karanina pirsa nasnameye ve hati e?kere kirin.
?in: Protestani
kesk: Katolik
Sor: Ateizm
Rengen tari piraniyek di navbera 50 u 75% de destni?an dikin dema ku rengen heri tari piraniyek mezin ji 75% zedetir ni?an didin.

Mijaren tekildar

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Cavkani

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  1. ^ https://data.worldbank.org/country/DE
  2. ^ https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?t=Ancestry&tid=ACSDT5Y2020.B04006
  3. ^ https://books.google.at/books?id=anecAQAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y
  4. ^ https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=110528&PRID=10&PTYPE=109445&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2017&THEME=120&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=
  5. ^ Moser 2011, pp. 171?172. "The Germans live in Central Europe, mostly in Germany... The largest populations outside of these countries are found in the United States (5 million), Brazil (3 million), the former Soviet Union (2 million), Argentina (500,000), Canada (450,000), Spain (170,000), Australia (110,000), the United Kingdom (100,000), and South Africa (75,000). "
  6. ^ https://profile.id.com.au/australia/ancestry
  7. ^ Haarmann 2015, p. 313. "Of the 100 million German speakers worldwide, about three quarters (76 million) live in Germany, where they account for 92 percent of the population. Populations of Germans live elsewhere in Central and Western Europe, with the largest communities in Austria (7.6 million), Switzerland (4.2 million), France (1.2 million), Kazakhstan (900,000), Russia (840,000), Poland (700,000), Italy (280,000), and Hungary (250,000). Some 1.6 million U.S. citizens speak German as their first language, the largest number of German speakers overseas."
  8. ^ https://library.ndsu.edu/grhc/research-history/history-germans-russia
  9. ^ https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1946/04/the-germans-in-argentina/656794/
  10. ^ https://www.iamexpat.de/expat-info/german-expat-news/switzerland-remains-most-popular-destination-german-expats
  11. ^ Ellis, Amy (2009). "UK resident population by country of birth". Population Trends. 135 (135): 20?28. doi:10.1057/pt.2009.5. PMID 19391440 . S2CID 11882683
  12. ^ Ulrich Merten, Forgotten Voices; The Expulsion of the Germans from Eastern Europe after World War II, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 2012, ISBN 978-1-4128-4302-7 Pages 195,196,197,199,200,203
  13. ^ https://www.politico.eu/article/angela-merkel-germany-sebastian-kurz-austria-best-frenemies-moria-fire/amp/
  14. ^ https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/hanging-tough-germans-italy
  15. ^ https://bd.ambafrance.org/-French-German-Embassy-
  16. ^ https://amp.theguardian.com/news/1936/dec/14/mainsection.fromthearchive
  17. ^ https://stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/Przynaleznosc_narodowo-etniczna_w_2011_NSP.pdf
  18. ^ https://tr.euronews.com/2022/02/04/turkiye-de-ikamet-eden-yabanc-ulke-vatandaslar-n-n-say-s-ne
  19. ^ https://indigenousmexico.org/ethnic-identity/the-germans-in-mexico-1821-1910/
  20. ^ https://www.jstor.org/stable/20028964
  21. ^ https://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/klaus-johannis-erhaelt-spitzenamt-in-regierungspartei-a-885204.html
  22. ^ https://www.scitanie.sk/obyvatelia/zakladne-vysledky/struktura-obyvatelstva-podla-narodnosti/SR/SK0/SR
  23. ^ https://www.jstor.org/stable/3211163
  24. ^ Maxwell, Alexander; Davis, Sacha E. (2016). "Germanness beyond Germany: Collective Identity in German Diaspora Communities" . German Studies Review . 39 (1): 1?15. ISSN  0149-7952 .
  25. ^ "About the USA - History of German-American Relations > 1683-1900 - History and Immigration" . usa.usembassy.de . Roja gihi?tine 29 kanuna pa?in 2023 .
  26. ^ "Famous German-Americans" . www.culturaldiplomacy.org (bi ingilizi) . Roja gihi?tine 29 kanuna pa?in 2023 .
  27. ^ Bureau, US Census. "German-American Day: October 6, 2022" . Census.gov . Roja gihi?tine 29 kanuna pa?in 2023 .
  28. ^ "Chronology?: The Germans in America (European Reading Room, Library of Congress)" . www.loc.gov . Roja gihi?tine 29 kanuna pa?in 2023 .
  29. ^ Greenwood, Shannon (9 adar 2020). "Americans and Germans Differ in Their Views of Each Other and the World" . Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project (bi ingiliziya ameriki) . Roja gihi?tine 29 kanuna pa?in 2023 .
  30. ^ "The most popular destination for German emigrants in Europe - German Federal Statistical Office" . www.destatis.de . Roja gihi?tine 29 kanuna pa?in 2023 .
  31. ^ The Oxford Companion to Archaeology (bi ingiliziya ameriki). Oxford University Press. 1996. doi : 10.1093/acref/9780195076189.001.0001/acref-9780195076189;jsessionid=d783d38de69b1e98c779118cadf919d5 . ISBN  978-0-19-507618-9 .
  32. ^ Fortson 2011, p. 433: "Baltic territory began to shrink shortly before the dawn of the Christian era due to the Gothic migrations into their southwestern territories [...]."
  33. ^ https://www.britannica.com/place/Germany/History#ref58082
  34. ^ Green 2000, pp. 172?73: "Jordanes [...] mentions the Slavs (Getica 119) and associates them more closely than the Balts with the center of Gothic power. [...] This location of the early Slavs partly at least in the region covered by the Cernjahov culture, together with their contacts (warlike or not) with the Goths under Ermanric and almost certainly before, explains their openness to Gothic loanword influence. That this may have begun early, before the expansion of the Slavs from their primeval habitat, is implied by the presence of individual loan-words in a wide range of Slavonic languages."
  35. ^ Minahan, James (2000). One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups (bi ingilizi). Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN  978-0-313-30984-7 .
  36. ^ Danver, Steven L. (10 adar 2015). Native Peoples of the World: An Encyclopedia of Groups, Cultures and Contemporary Issues (bi ingilizi). Routledge. ISBN  978-1-317-46400-6 .
  37. ^ "Wayback Machine" (PDF) . web.archive.org . 6 kanuna pa?in 2016. Ji orijinale hat ar?ivkirin. Roja ar?ivkirine: 6 kanuna pa?in 2016 . Roja gihi?tine 31 kanuna pa?in 2023 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( link )
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