?????? ?? ? ????

?????? ?? ? ???? (1881-1959). ????????? ? ????? ???????? ???? ????????.

????? ????? ????? [ ???????? ]

?????????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ??? ????. ???? ???. ???????????????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???????????; ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???????????????. ?????? 1898? ????? ?????????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ?????????????. 1900? ???? ??????? ? ??????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????. 1902????? ??? ???????????? ???????????? ????????. ???? ??????????????? ???? ?????????? ????. ????? ?????, ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??. 1913????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????????.

?? ?????? ?????? (1914) ??? ????? ????????? ?????. ?????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ????????????. ???? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????.

??? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????????? ????. 1919????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ???????????? ????. 1920????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????. 1925????? ????? ???????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????????. ????????? ???? ???????????????? ?????????. ??. ??. ??. ????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ???? ??????????? ???????????. ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????????? 1936????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????. 1937????? ??? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???????????. ???? ? ?????????? ?? ??????????????????. 1940????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ????????, ??????? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????. ???????? ??????? ???????????????? ???????? ???? ????????. ??? ?????? ??????? ???. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???. ??? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ??? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????, ???????? ????????, ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????.

?? ???? (1915), ???? ?? ????? (1917), ???? ???? ?????? (1919), ?? ???? ???????????????? (1926) ????? 1956), ?? ????? ??? ??????? (1927), ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? (1932), ??????????? (1934), ?? ???????????? (1936)-??? ???????????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????????????. ????????? ???? ????? (1949), ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? (1952)-??? ??? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????.

1959????? ??? ??????? ?????????.