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????????: IPA : /ka kt?eːn k?asi/
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ISO 639-1: ?????? ????
ISO 639-2 : kha
ISO/FDIS 639-3 : kha  
Khasi_map.png

?????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????????? ?????????? . ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ????. ??? ? ?????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????. ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ??? ?????????. ????????? ??????, ???????? ????? ???? ??????.

????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????????. 19 ?? ?????? ?????????????, ??????-??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?????. [?]

??????? ?????? ????? ?????? [ ???????? ]

????????? ????????? ?,???,??? ???? ?????????? ?????????????.(???? ??????????). ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????????. ?????? ???????? ?,??,??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????????. [?] ????? ????? ??????????? ???? ????-???????? ????????? ???. ??????? ??????? ??,??? ???? ??????????? ?????????????????. [?] ??????????????? ??? ???? ??????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????????.

???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????????. ???? ? ???????? ???????????? ???????????????????? ??????????????. [?] ? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????. [?]

????????? ??????????, ??????, ??????? ???????, ???? ????????????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????. ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? (????-????), [?] ??? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????????. [?] ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????????.

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?? ???? ??????? ??????????????? ???? ????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????????. ??? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????????, ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????????. [?] ????????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????????????.  ????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????, ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????????????. ??????????, ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???????????? ??? ??????????. 

?????? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ???? ?????????????????. ??????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ????????????. [?] [?] ?????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????????????. ??? ??? ????????? ????????????? (?????? ????) ??????????? ???????????.

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?????????????, ????? ????????? ??????????, ???? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????:

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IPA Translation ?????? IPA Translation ??????
m mrad [ mraːt? ] animal ?????? n ???? [ ???? ] iron ??????
? ???? [ ?aː ] aunt ???????? ŋ ngen [ ŋ?n ] wane ?????????????
p ?????? [ ???? ] ask ???? p? ???? [ p??lːaː ] special ?????
b ??????? [ ???? ] goat ???? b? ???? [ b??? ] Bhoi ????
t? tdong [ t?d?ŋ ] tail ??? t? ???? [ t??aː? ] ice ?????????
d dur [ d?r ] picture ????? d? dheng [ d??ŋ ] park ????????
k ?????? [ kr?ŋ ] rib ????????? k? ??????? [ k?r?ŋ ] entice ??????????????
d? jlaw [ d?laː? ] howl ???? d?? ???? [ d??eː? ] wet ?????
s syiem [ s?eːm ] monarch ??? ? shnuh [ ??oː? ] hair ?????
r ???????? [ ??????? ] platform ?????? l ?????? [ leː? ] white ????
j ???? [ j?ːr ] snow ??? w ???? [ waː? ] river ???

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IPA Translation ?????? IPA Translation ??????
? ????? [ ???? ] fire ????? ih [ iː? ] cooked ???????
? ynda [ ?ndaː ] until ??? ruh [ ??ː? ] also ??
e miet [ ???? ] night ?????? iermat [ eːrmat? ] eyelash ???????????
o ??? [ ???? ] hill ????? ud [ oːt? ] moan ???????????
? reng [ ??ŋ ] horn ????? ???????? [ ?ːrj?ŋ ] whirlwind ?????????
? ong [ ?ŋ ] say ?????????? ????????? [ ??lː?ːŋ ] Shillong ?????????
a ??????? [ ???? ] spicy ?????????? ???? [ saːt? ] ceiling ???????

???? [ ???????? ]

???????? ??????????? ?????, ????? ???? ????????? (???????) ?????? ??????????? ????????????????????. ???????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????????????. ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????. ?????????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????. ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? , ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????????.

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???? ???????? [ ???????? ]

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???? ????????
Capital letters A B K D E G Ng H I I J L M N N O P R S T U W Y
????? ???????? ? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ????? ??? I I ?? ??? ?? ??? N ? ? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??
Small letters a b k d e g ng h i i j l m n n o p r s t u w y
???? ???????? ? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ng ?? i i ? ??? ?? ??? n ? ? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??
???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??? eng esh ?? ?? ?? ????? emm enn en ??? ????? aar ess ?? oo ???? ?? ???
Assamese ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??
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Bengali ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??
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  • ??/k ? ??????? ??????? ??/ c ????? ??????? ??????????????????. c ????? ch ????? ????? k ????? kh ?????? ???????????????. ???????????? c ????? ?????????????, ??? ????????? k ????? ??????????.
  • g ????? ?????????? ng ?????????? ??? ???????????? ?????. ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????.
  • h ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? (?) ??-????????? ??????? ????????????????.
  • y ????? ???????? ??????????????????, ???? ?????? (?) ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????????????????. ????????? ?????????? i ??????? ??????????.

???????? ???? ???? [ ???????? ]

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??????? [ ???????? ]

???? ???? ????????????????? ?????????? . ???????????? ????? ??????????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????.

???????? ????? ????? ???????????? [ ???????? ]

????????? [ ???????? ]

???? ????? ????????????? ????? ?????? (???? ???????)-(????????)-(??????)-(????????)-(????)-?????-(??????)-(????????? ?????????)-(??????? ??????), ?????????.

???? [ ???????? ]

?????? ????????? ???? ????????????? ???????. ? ????????? ?????? ?????????:

????????? ???? ?????????
??????? ????
u ????????
ka ??????????
i ?????????
ki ??????

?????? ????? ????????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???????:

ka kmie "mother" ?? ???? "????"
u kpa "father" ?? ????? "????"
ka syiar "hen" ?? ????? "????"
u syiar "rooster" ?? ????? "???????"

?????? (????) ????????: "?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ???? ??? ????????? ???????????. ???? ???? ???????? ??????, ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????????????????? ?????, ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????????????????. ...? ????????? ????????? ??????????????. ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????????."

?????? ???????? ???????????????, ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????????:

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??????, ??????
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???????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????
???????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????
????? ????? ???????? ????????, ?????? ????????
??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????

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?????????? ????????
??? (?? ?????) ????? (U Bnai)
???? (?? ?????) ?? (?? ?????)
??? (?? ??????) ??????? (U Ngap)
??? (?? ????) ????? (?? ??????)
??????? ????? (?? ??) ?????? ????? (?? ????)

??????: ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????. ??????? ????????????? ????? ???? ???? syntiew (flower) </link> ??? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????????????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? "u" ????? u syntiew ?????? ????????</link> . ?????????? ? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????????.

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?????? [ ???????? ]

??????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ??????????, ???? ? ?? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? (????????? ????):

????? ??????
1 ?? ??????? nga thoh 'I write'

???? ???????????

ngi thoh 'we write’ ???????????'
2 ?? ??????? me thoh 'he (masc) writes' pha thoh 'she (fem) writes'

???? ?? '???? (????) ???????????' ?? ?? '???? (??????) ???????????'

phi thoh 'you (pl). write'

?? ?? '???? (pl). ???????'

3 ?? ??????? u thoh 'he writes' ka thoh 'she writes'

???? '???? ???????????' ????? '???? ???????????'

ki thoh 'they write’?? ?? '???? ???????????'

???????? ????? ?????????? ????????? /u/ ????? /ka/ ????? ???????? ????????????? ???????????? (????????? ????:1???):

??? [ ???????? ]

???? ???? ??????

???? ?????
?? ????. ???? ???????????.
?? ????. ???? ????.
?? ?? ??. ???? ???????????.
??? ?? ???? ????????.

???????? [ ???????? ]

????????????? ???? ??? ???? ??????????????, /ym/ (????? ???? 'm ?? ??????????????????), ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????????????. ??????????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????, ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? /la/ (????????? ????):

???? ??????????? [ ???????? ]

?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? /pn-/ (?????? 1961). (?????? ????????? (1891) ????? ???? ???? ????????????????):

??? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????
????? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ????, ????? ????
???? ?????? ??????? ??????????
???? ???? ???????? ???????????
???? ??????? ????-????? ?????, ???? ????????
???? ???? ????-???? ???????
???? ???????????? ????-???? ???????


???? ?????? [ ???????? ]

????????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ?? (????????? 1891 ????? IA ???? ????????????????). ????????? ?????????? "ia, 'to', 'for', 'agenst' ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????. ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????????"

?????????????? (1891) ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ???????, ??????? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????????. ???????????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ?????????????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ????????????.

????????? [ ???????? ]

  1. "ScriptSource ? Khasi" . scriptsource.org . Archived from the original on 29 October 2021 . Retrieved 28 February 2022 .
  2. ?.? ?.? Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. "C-16: Population by mother tongue, India - 2011" . Archived from the original on 14 October 2022 . Retrieved 16 November 2022 .
  3. "The Khasi language is no longer in danger" . UNESCO. 6 Apr 2012. Archived from the original on 1 Apr 2022.
  4. "Speakers put stress on inclusion of Khasi language in 8th schedule" . The Sentinel . Assam. 5 May 2017. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021 . Retrieved 2 September 2020 .
  5. "U Soso Tham - the Torchbearer of Khasi Poetry" . www.oknortheast.com . Retrieved 31 August 2023 .
  6. "Death Anniversary of U SoSo Tham in Meghalaya in 2023" . Office Holidays (in ????????) . Retrieved 31 August 2023 .
  7. ?.? ?.? Bradley, David; Mohanty, Panchanan (27 June 2023). "Sociolinguistics of South Asia". The Routledge Handbook of Sociolinguistics Around the World : 184?196. doi : 10.4324/9781003198345-17 .
  8. ?.? ?.? ?.? Nagaraja, KS (1993). "Khasi dialects: a typological consideration" (PDF) . Mon-Khmer Studies . 23 : 1-10 . Retrieved 1 September 2023 .
  9. Sidwell, Pail. "Paul Sidwell - Khasian Languages Project" . sites.google.com . Retrieved 1 September 2023 .
  10. Bureau, The Meghalayan (18 June 2022). "Standardising Khasi Language" . The Meghalayan . Archived from the original on 6 June 2023 . Retrieved 8 June 2023 .
  11. "A Grammar of the Khasi Language" . Archived from the original on 25 April 2023 . Retrieved 13 March 2023 .
  12. "The Legend about how the Khasis lost their script - Cherrapunjee Holiday Resort" . 18 September 2019. Archived from the original on 14 May 2023 . Retrieved 8 June 2023 .
  13. "Review: Funeral Nights by Kynpham Sing Nongkynrih" . Hindustan Times (in ????????). 29 October 2021. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022 . Retrieved 8 June 2023 .
  14. "742 Esther Syiem, The survival of languages: the Khasi" . www.india-seminar.com . Archived from the original on 28 October 2021 . Retrieved 8 June 2023 .
  15. " 'Lost' Khasi script in Guwahati museum remains undeciphered" . The Shillong Times . 8 May 2017 . Retrieved 8 June 2023 .

?????? [ ???????? ]

  • ??????, ????? 1985. ???? ? ???? ?????????? ????????? . ????: ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????.
  • ??????, ??????. 1855. ?????? ?????? ???? ????? . (???????????? 1988)
  • ??????, ????. 1961. ????, ??????? ???? . ??????? ????, ??: ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? .
  • ??????-?????. 1977. "???? ??????????? ????". ?????? ??? ????-???? ??????? 6:247?272
  • ?????????, H. 1891. ???? ????? ???????. ???????, ?????? ?????????????, ?????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? . ?????: ????? ????, ???????, ?????????.
  • ?????, ????????. 1906. ????-???????? ?????? . ?????????: ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ??????.

??????? ??????? [ ???????? ]

  • 2006-?. ????. EK ?????? (ed.) ??????????????? ??? ???????????? ???? ????????????????????. ???????????: ?????????? ??????.

????? ???????? [ ???????? ]